{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:19:43Z","timestamp":1777673983957,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]],"date-time":"2018-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education and Science of Russia","award":["3.6121.2017\/8.9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3.6121.2017\/8.9"]}]},{"name":"RFBR grant","award":["16-08-00609"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-08-00609"]}]},{"name":"ACTIMAT GRANT","award":["322416EKBH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["322416EKBH"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnetic biosensors are an important part of biomedical applications of magnetic materials. As the living tissue is basically a \u201csoft matter.\u201d this study addresses the development of ferrogels (FG) with micron sized magnetic particles of magnetite and strontium hexaferrite mimicking the living tissue. The basic composition of the FG comprised the polymeric network of polyacrylamide, synthesized by free radical polymerization of monomeric acrylamide (AAm) in water solution at three levels of concentration (1.1 M, 0.85 M and 0.58 M) to provide the FG with varying elasticity. To improve FG biocompatibility and to prevent the precipitation of the particles, polysaccharide thickeners\u2014guar gum or xanthan gum were used. The content of magnetic particles in FG varied up to 5.2 wt % depending on the FG composition. The mechanical properties of FG and their deformation in a uniform magnetic field were comparatively analyzed. FG filled with strontium hexaferrite particles have larger Young\u2019s modulus value than FG filled with magnetite particles, most likely due to the specific features of the adhesion of the network\u2019s polymeric subchains on the surface of the particles. FG networks with xanthan are stronger and have higher modulus than the FG with guar. FG based on magnetite, contract in a magnetic field 0.42 T, whereas some FG based on strontium hexaferrite swell. Weak FG with the lowest concentration of AAm shows a much stronger response to a field, as the concentration of AAm governs the Young\u2019s modulus of ferrogel. A small magnetic field magnetoimpedance sensor prototype with Co68.6Fe3.9Mo3.0Si12.0B12.5 rapidly quenched amorphous ribbon based element was designed aiming to develop a sensor working with a disposable stripe sensitive element. The proposed protocol allowed measurements of the concentration dependence of magnetic particles in gels using magnetoimpedance responses in the presence of magnetite and strontium hexaferrite ferrogels with xanthan. We have discussed the importance of magnetic history for the detection process and demonstrated the importance of remnant magnetization in the case of the gels with large magnetic particles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]],"date-time":"2018-01-17T04:23:44Z","timestamp":1516163024000},"page":"257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Polyacrylamide Ferrogels with Magnetite or Strontium Hexaferrite: Next Step in the Development of Soft Biomimetic Matter for Biosensor Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Safronov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Electrophysics, Ural Division RAS, Ekaterinburg 620016, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Mikhnevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7419-2004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Lotfollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Electricidad y Electr\u00f3nicaUniversidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco UPV\/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain"},{"name":"Deapartment of Physics, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-615, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4434-2873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Blyakhman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia"},{"name":"Biomedical Physics and Engineering Department, Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg 620028, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Sklyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia"},{"name":"Biomedical Physics and Engineering Department, Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg 620028, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aitor","family":"Larra\u00f1aga Varga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Research Facilities (SGIKER), Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco UPV-EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anatoly","family":"Medvedev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Electrophysics, Ural Division RAS, Ekaterinburg 620016, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Armas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Research Facilities (SGIKER), Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco UPV-EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3712-1637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galina","family":"Kurlyandskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia"},{"name":"Departamento de Electricidad y Electr\u00f3nicaUniversidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco UPV\/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sezer, A.D. 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