{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T14:37:26Z","timestamp":1776695846213,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,20]],"date-time":"2018-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A method of measuring the power line wire sag using optical sensors that are insensitive to high electromagnetic fields was proposed. The advantage of this technique is that it is a non-invasive measurement of power line wire elongation using a unique optomechanical system. The proposed method replaces the sag of the power line wire with an extension of the control sample and then an expansion of the attached chirped fiber Bragg grating. This paper presents the results of the first measurements made on real aluminum-conducting steel-reinforced wire, frequently used for power line construction. It has been shown that the proper selection of the CFBG (chirped fiber Bragg grating) transducer and the appropriate choice of optical parameters of such a sensor will allow for high sensitivity of the line wire elongation and sag while reducing the sensitivity to the temperature. It has been shown that with a simple optomechanical system, a non-invasive measurement of the power line wire sag that is insensitive to temperature changes and the influence of high electromagnetic fields can be achieved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,22]],"date-time":"2018-01-22T04:51:13Z","timestamp":1516596673000},"page":"309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Overhead Transmission Line Sag Estimation Using a Simple Optomechanical System with Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings. Part 1: Preliminary Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4541-2987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Wydra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Power Systems, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Kisala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronics and Information Technology, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damian","family":"Harasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronics and Information Technology, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Kacejko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Power Systems, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.55.001412","article-title":"Inverse problem of determining periodic surface profile oscillation defects of steel materials with a fiber Bragg grating sensor","volume":"55","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. 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