{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T12:26:29Z","timestamp":1785327989627,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We describe the use of a paper-based probe impregnated with a vanadium-containing polyoxometalate anion, [PMo11VO40]5\u2212, on screen-printed carbon electrodes for the electrochemical determination of chlorate. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronocoulometry were used to characterize the ClO3\u2212 response in a pH = 2.5 solution of 100 mM sodium acetate. A linear CV current response was observed between 0.156 and 1.25 mg\/mL with a detection limit of 0.083 mg\/mL (S\/N &gt; 3). This performance was reproducible using [PMo11VO40]5\u2212-impregnated filter paper stored under ambient conditions for as long as 8 months prior to use. At high concentration of chlorate, an additional catalytic cathodic peak was seen in the reverse scan of the CVs, which was digitally simulated using a simple model. For chronocoulometry, the charge measured after 5 min gave a linear response from 0.625 to 2.5 mg\/mL with a detection limit of 0.31 mg\/mL (S\/N &gt; 3). In addition, the slope of charge vs. time also gave a linear response. In this case the linear range was from 0.312 to 2.5 mg\/mL with a detection limit of 0.15 mg\/mL (S\/N &gt; 3). Simple assays were conducted using three types of soil, and recovery measurements reported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T09:47:36Z","timestamp":1516787256000},"page":"328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Paper-Based Electrochemical Detection of Chlorate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Shriver-Lake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio\/Molecular Science &amp; Engineering (Code 6900), 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Zabetakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio\/Molecular Science &amp; Engineering (Code 6900), 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9549-9219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Dressick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio\/Molecular Science &amp; Engineering (Code 6900), 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Stenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio\/Molecular Science &amp; Engineering (Code 6900), 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Trammell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio\/Molecular Science &amp; Engineering (Code 6900), 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.08.087","article-title":"Statistical evaluation of an electrochemical probe for the detection of chlorate","volume":"239","author":"Trammell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. 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