{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T10:38:11Z","timestamp":1776335891848,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51607029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51607029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Indoor occupants\u2019 positions are significant for smart home service systems, which usually consist of robot service(s), appliance control and other intelligent applications. In this paper, an innovative localization method is proposed for tracking humans\u2019 position in indoor environments based on passive infrared (PIR) sensors using an accessibility map and an A-star algorithm, aiming at providing intelligent services. First the accessibility map reflecting the visiting habits of the occupants is established through the integral training with indoor environments and other prior knowledge. Then the PIR sensors, which placement depends on the training results in the accessibility map, get the rough location information. For more precise positioning, the A-start algorithm is used to refine the localization, fused with the accessibility map and the PIR sensor data. Experiments were conducted in a mock apartment testbed. The ground truth data was obtained from an Opti-track system. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is able to track persons in a smart home environment and provide a solution for home robot localization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T09:47:36Z","timestamp":1516787256000},"page":"332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Passive Infrared (PIR)-Based Indoor Position Tracking for Smart Homes Using Accessibility Maps and A-Star Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaiyou","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia (2017, November 12). 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