{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:56:46Z","timestamp":1760241406390,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]],"date-time":"2018-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cross-Ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program","award":["27-J-J6258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27-J-J6258"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surgical simulators have recently attracted attention because they enable the evaluation of the surgical skills of medical doctors and the performance of medical devices. However, thermal damage to the human body during surgery is difficult to evaluate using conventional surgical simulators. In this study, we propose a functional surgical model with a temperature-indicating function for the evaluation of thermal damage during surgery. The simulator is made of a composite material of polydimethylsiloxane and a thermochromic dye, which produces an irreversible color change as the temperature increases. Using this material, we fabricated a three-dimensional blood vessel model using the lost-wax process. We succeeded in fabricating a renal vessel model for simulation of catheter ablation. Increases in the temperature of the materials can be measured by image analysis of their color change. The maximum measurement error of the temperature was approximately \u22121.6 \u00b0C\/+2.4 \u00b0C within the range of 60 \u00b0C to 100 \u00b0C.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]],"date-time":"2018-01-25T12:25:49Z","timestamp":1516883149000},"page":"345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Three-Dimensional Blood Vessel Model with Temperature-Indicating Function for Evaluation of Thermal Damage during Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8420-3758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Room 310, Aerospace Mechanical Engineering Research Building 3F, Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science & Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Aichi-Pref., Nagoya-shi 464-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8902-883X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisataka","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Room 310, Aerospace Mechanical Engineering Research Building 3F, Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science & Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Aichi-Pref., Nagoya-shi 464-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Room 310, Aerospace Mechanical Engineering Research Building 3F, Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science & Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Aichi-Pref., Nagoya-shi 464-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2508-1615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumihito","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Room 310, Aerospace Mechanical Engineering Research Building 3F, Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science & Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Aichi-Pref., Nagoya-shi 464-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(90)90006-V","article-title":"An animal model for instructing and the study of in situ arterial bypass","volume":"12","author":"Saifi","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. 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