{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T15:22:27Z","timestamp":1782487347163,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigates multispectral characteristics of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) at different observation angles by experiment. The UAV and its engine are tested on the ground in the cruise state. Spectral radiation intensities at different observation angles are obtained in the infrared band of 0.9\u201315 \u03bcm by a spectral radiometer. Meanwhile, infrared images are captured separately by long-wavelength infrared (LWIR), mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR), and short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) cameras. Additionally, orientation maps of the radiation area and radiance are obtained. The results suggest that the spectral radiation intensity of the UAV is determined by its exhaust plume and that the main infrared emission bands occur at 2.7 \u03bcm and 4.3 \u03bcm. At observation angles in the range of 0\u00b0\u201390\u00b0, the radiation area of the UAV in MWIR band is greatest; however, at angles greater than 90\u00b0, the radiation area in the SWIR band is greatest. In addition, the radiance of the UAV at an angle of 0\u00b0 is strongest. These conclusions can guide IR stealth technique development for UAVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,2]],"date-time":"2018-02-02T04:20:50Z","timestamp":1517545250000},"page":"428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Experimental Study of Multispectral Characteristics of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle at Different Observation Angles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Haijing","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingzhu","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"System Division, Navy Equipment Research Institute, Beijing 100161, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengmei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaotian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2016.12.008","article-title":"Performance analysis of solar powered unmanned aerial vehicle","volume":"104","author":"Reddy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renew. 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