{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T14:42:38Z","timestamp":1777128158431,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,11]],"date-time":"2018-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metal-enclosed switchgear, which are widely used in the distribution of electrical energy, play an important role in power distribution networks. Their safe operation is directly related to the reliability of power system as well as the power quality on the consumer side. Partial discharge detection is an effective way to identify potential faults and can be utilized for insulation diagnosis of metal-enclosed switchgear. The transient earth voltage method, an effective non-intrusive method, has substantial engineering application value for estimating the insulation condition of switchgear. However, the practical application effectiveness of TEV detection is not satisfactory because of the lack of a TEV detection application method, i.e., a method with sufficient technical cognition and analysis. This paper proposes an innovative online PD detection system and a corresponding application strategy based on an intelligent feedback distributed TEV wireless sensor network, consisting of sensing, communication, and diagnosis layers. In the proposed system, the TEV signal or status data are wirelessly transmitted to the terminal following low-energy signal preprocessing and acquisition by TEV sensors. Then, a central server analyzes the correlation of the uploaded data and gives a fault warning level according to the quantity, trend, parallel analysis, and phase resolved partial discharge pattern recognition. In this way, a TEV detection system and strategy with distributed acquisition, unitized fault warning, and centralized diagnosis is realized. The proposed system has positive significance for reducing the fault rate of medium voltage switchgear and improving its operation and maintenance level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]],"date-time":"2018-02-12T10:50:38Z","timestamp":1518432638000},"page":"551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Partial Discharge Monitoring on Metal-Enclosed Switchgear with Distributed Non-Contact Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9745-6933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chongxing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation for Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation for Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation for Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]},{"given":"Wenguang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation for Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4692-4404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jierui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation for Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]},{"given":"Xuze","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation for Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1586-5931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Albarrac\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Automatic Control, and Applied Physics, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o Industrial, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Ronda de Valencia 3, 28012 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2003.815098","article-title":"Design of a sensor to predict arcing faults in nuclear switchgear","volume":"50","author":"Land","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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