{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T20:51:05Z","timestamp":1773953465361,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,18]],"date-time":"2018-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFD0200603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFD0200603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31671579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31671579"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Development of Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang A &amp; F University","award":["2015FR025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015FR025"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LY15C130003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY15C130003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fast detection of toxic metals in crops is important for monitoring pollution and ensuring food safety. In this study, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to detect the chromium content in rice leaves. We investigated the influence of laser wavelength (532 nm and 1064 nm excitation), along with the variations of delay time, pulse energy, and lens-to-sample distance (LTSD), on the signal (sensitivity and stability) and plasma features (temperature and electron density). With the optimized experimental parameters, univariate analysis was used for quantifying the chromium content, and several preprocessing methods (including background normalization, area normalization, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) transformation and standardized normal variate (SNV) transformation were used to further improve the analytical performance. The results indicated that 532 nm excitation showed better sensitivity than 1064 nm excitation, with a detection limit around two times lower. However, the prediction accuracy for both excitation wavelengths was similar. The best result, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9849, root-mean-square error of 3.89 mg\/kg and detection limit of 2.72 mg\/kg, was obtained using the SNV transformed signal (Cr I 425.43 nm) induced by 532 nm excitation. The results indicate the inspiring capability of LIBS for toxic metals detection in plant materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]],"date-time":"2018-02-20T03:54:22Z","timestamp":1519098862000},"page":"621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Comparative Study of the Detection of Chromium Content in Rice Leaves by 532 nm and 1064 nm Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2842-170X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiyu","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0266-6896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}]},{"given":"Lanhan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Zhejiang A &amp; F University, Linan 311300, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5129-5430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6752-1757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-014-2077-3","article-title":"Physiological and proteomic alterations in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings under hexavalent chromium stress","volume":"240","author":"Zeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2016.08.015","article-title":"Challenging applications for multi-element analysis by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in agriculture: A review","volume":"85","author":"Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Anal. 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