{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:57:13Z","timestamp":1760241433941,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61472358","61702451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61472358","61702451"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National High Technology Research and Development Program of China","award":["2015AA050202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015AA050202"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2017QNA4017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017QNA4017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Deploying wireless sensor networks (WSN) in the intertidal area is an effective approach for environmental monitoring. To sustain reliable data delivery in such a dynamic environment, a link quality estimation mechanism is crucial. However, our observations in two real WSN systems deployed in the intertidal areas reveal that link update in routing protocols often suffers from energy and bandwidth waste due to the frequent link quality measurement and updates. In this paper, we carefully investigate the network dynamics using real-world sensor network data and find it feasible to achieve accurate estimation of link quality using sparse sampling. We design and implement a compressive-sensing-based link quality estimation protocol, \r\n          \r\n            \r\n              \r\n                L\r\n                E\r\n                S\r\n                S\r\n              \r\n            \r\n          \r\n        , which incorporates both spatial and temporal characteristics of the system to aid the link update in routing protocols. We evaluate \r\n          \r\n            \r\n              \r\n                L\r\n                E\r\n                S\r\n                S\r\n              \r\n            \r\n          \r\n         in both real WSN systems and a large-scale simulation, and the results show that \r\n          \r\n            \r\n              \r\n                L\r\n                E\r\n                S\r\n                S\r\n              \r\n            \r\n          \r\n         can reduce energy and bandwidth consumption by up to \r\n          \r\n            \r\n              \r\n                50\r\n                %\r\n              \r\n            \r\n          \r\n         while still achieving more than \r\n          \r\n            \r\n              \r\n                90\r\n                %\r\n              \r\n            \r\n          \r\n         link quality estimation accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T12:15:44Z","timestamp":1519906544000},"page":"747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["LESS: Link Estimation with Sparse Sampling in Intertidal WSNs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1368-8839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Yi-chao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7686-0283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of South Carolina Columbia, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}]},{"given":"Wenyuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1985.30.6.1171","article-title":"Wave forces on intertidal organisms: A case study","volume":"30","author":"Denny","year":"1985","journal-title":"Limnol. 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