{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T09:11:28Z","timestamp":1760346688361,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,11]],"date-time":"2018-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The computational complexity of humanoid robot balance control is reduced through the application of simplified kinematics and dynamics models. However, these simplifications lead to the introduction of errors that add to other inherent electro-mechanic inaccuracies and affect the robotic system. Linear control systems deal with these inaccuracies if they operate around a specific working point but are less precise if they do not. This work presents a model improvement based on the Linear Inverted Pendulum Model (LIPM) to be applied in a non-linear control system. The aim is to minimize the control error and reduce robot oscillations for multiple working points. The new model, named the Dynamic LIPM (DLIPM), is used to plan the robot behavior with respect to changes in the balance status denoted by the zero moment point (ZMP). Thanks to the use of information from force\u2013torque sensors, an experimental procedure has been applied to characterize the inaccuracies and introduce them into the new model. The experiments consist of balance perturbations similar to those of push-recovery trials, in which step-shaped ZMP variations are produced. The results show that the responses of the robot with respect to balance perturbations are more precise and the mechanical oscillations are reduced without comprising robot dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T13:13:48Z","timestamp":1520860428000},"page":"836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Experimental Robot Model Adjustments Based on Force\u2013Torque Sensor Information"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3539-4583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"System Engineering and Automation Department, University Carlos III, Av de la Universidad, 30, Madrid 28911, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3160-6553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Garcia-Haro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"System Engineering and Automation Department, University Carlos III, Av de la Universidad, 30, Madrid 28911, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3080-3467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Victores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"System Engineering and Automation Department, University Carlos III, Av de la Universidad, 30, Madrid 28911, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3734-7492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Jardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"System Engineering and Automation Department, University Carlos III, Av de la Universidad, 30, Madrid 28911, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4864-4625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Balaguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"System Engineering and Automation Department, University Carlos III, Av de la Universidad, 30, Madrid 28911, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2015.2512933","article-title":"An approach to combine balancing with hierarchical whole-body control for legged humanoid robots","volume":"1","author":"Henze","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. 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