{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T16:38:00Z","timestamp":1774456680107,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]],"date-time":"2018-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we present a wearable smart system to help visually impaired persons (VIPs) walk by themselves through the streets, navigate in public places, and seek assistance. The main components of the system are a microcontroller board, various sensors, cellular communication and GPS modules, and a solar panel. The system employs a set of sensors to track the path and alert the user of obstacles in front of them. The user is alerted by a sound emitted through a buzzer and by vibrations on the wrist, which is helpful when the user has hearing loss or is in a noisy environment. In addition, the system alerts people in the surroundings when the user stumbles over or requires assistance, and the alert, along with the system location, is sent as a phone message to registered mobile phones of family members and caregivers. In addition, the registered phones can be used to retrieve the system location whenever required and activate real-time tracking of the VIP. We tested the system prototype and verified its functionality and effectiveness. The proposed system has more features than other similar systems. We expect it to be a useful tool to improve the quality of life of VIPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]],"date-time":"2018-03-13T13:37:21Z","timestamp":1520948241000},"page":"843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Wearable Smart System for Visually Impaired People"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3253-3525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Ramadhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Techniques Engineering, Al-Kafeel University College, Kufa 31003, Province of Najaf, Republic of Iraq"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"274","article-title":"Smart walking stick for visually challenged people","volume":"1","author":"Jothi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian J. 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Location update accuracy in human tracking system using ZigBee modules, arXiv."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"16","article-title":"Assistive vision for the blind","volume":"3","author":"Khatri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Sci. Invent."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"4057","article-title":"Smart walking stick for visually impaired","volume":"3","author":"Gayathri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"40","article-title":"Indoor navigation system for visually impaired person using gps","volume":"3","author":"Rao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"46","article-title":"Navigation for the blind using GPS along with portable camera based real time monitoring","volume":"1","author":"Chandana","year":"2014","journal-title":"SSRG Int. J. Electron. Commun. Eng."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"3083","article-title":"Voice based guidance and location indication system for the blind using GSM, GPS and optical device indicator","volume":"4","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Trends Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"48","article-title":"Voice and GPS based navigation system for visually impaired","volume":"4","author":"Gawari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"362","article-title":"The SmartVision local navigation aid for blind and visually impaired persons","volume":"5","author":"Farrajota","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Digit. Content Technol. Appl."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/3\/843\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T14:56:47Z","timestamp":1760194607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/3\/843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["s18030843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18030843","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]]}}}