{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:22:36Z","timestamp":1762507356548,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]],"date-time":"2018-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rapid localization of injured survivors by rescue teams to prevent death is a major issue. In this paper, a sensor system for human rescue including three different types of sensors, a CO2 sensor, a thermal camera, and a microphone, is proposed. The performance of this system in detecting living victims under the rubble has been tested in a high-fidelity simulated disaster area. Results show that the CO2 sensor is useful to effectively reduce the possible concerned area, while the thermal camera can confirm the correct position of the victim. Moreover, it is believed that the use of microphones in connection with other sensors would be of great benefit for the detection of casualties. In this work, an algorithm to recognize voices or suspected human noise under rubble has also been developed and tested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]],"date-time":"2018-03-13T13:37:21Z","timestamp":1520948241000},"page":"852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Evaluation of a Sensor System for Detecting Humans Trapped under Rubble: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7386-0525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3540-8121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Sessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hibot Corporation, Watanabe Corporation Building 4F, 5-9-15 Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0001, Japan"}]},{"given":"Ritaro","family":"Kasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Cosentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"}]},{"given":"Cimarelli","family":"Giacomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hibot Corporation, Watanabe Corporation Building 4F, 5-9-15 Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0001, Japan"}]},{"given":"Yasuaki","family":"Mochida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hibot Corporation, Watanabe Corporation Building 4F, 5-9-15 Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0001, Japan"}]},{"given":"Hiroya","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hibot Corporation, Watanabe Corporation Building 4F, 5-9-15 Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0001, Japan"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Guarnieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hibot Corporation, Watanabe Corporation Building 4F, 5-9-15 Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0001, Japan"}]},{"given":"Atsuo","family":"Takanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"},{"name":"Humanoid Robotics Institute (HRI), Waseda University, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2017, February 23). 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