{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T10:23:07Z","timestamp":1777717387011,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]],"date-time":"2018-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, tapered optical fibers (TOFs) have attracted increasing interest and developed into a range of devices used in many practical applications ranging from optical communication, sensing to optical manipulation and high-Q resonators. Compared with conventional optical fibers, TOFs possess a range of unique features, such as large evanescent field, strong optical confinement, mechanical flexibility and compactness. In this review, we critically summarize the multimode interference in TOFs and some of its applications with a focus on our research project undertaken at the Optoelectronics Research Centre of the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T05:06:43Z","timestamp":1521090403000},"page":"858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["A Review of Multimode Interference in Tapered Optical Fibers and Related Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of In-fiber Integrated Optics of the Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of In-fiber Integrated Optics of the Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Xianfan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of In-fiber Integrated Optics of the Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7187-2127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerald","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Centre, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, 8 Dublin, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Gilberto","family":"Brambilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-4247(99)00368-4","article-title":"Fiber optic sensor technology: An overview","volume":"82","author":"Grattan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sens. 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