{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T13:33:21Z","timestamp":1773668001884,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia","award":["3.6121.2017\/8.9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3.6121.2017\/8.9"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"RFBR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16-08-00609-a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-08-00609-a"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"RFBR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18-08-00178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-08-00178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ACTIMAT grant of the Basque Country Government"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydrogels are biomimetic materials widely used in the area of biomedical engineering and biosensing. Ferrogels (FG) are magnetic composites capable of functioning as magnetic field sensitive transformers and field assisted drug deliverers. FG can be prepared by incorporating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into chemically crosslinked hydrogels. The properties of biomimetic ferrogels for multifunctional biosensor applications can be set up by synthesis. The properties of these biomimetic ferrogels can be thoroughly controlled in a physical experiment environment which is much less demanding than biotests. Two series of ferrogels (soft and dense) based on polyacrylamide (PAAm) with different chemical network densities were synthesized by free-radical polymerization in aqueous solution with N,N\u2019-methylene-diacrylamide as a cross-linker and maghemite Fe2O3 MNPs fabricated by laser target evaporation as a filler. Their mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties were comparatively analyzed. We developed a giant magnetoimpedance (MI) sensor prototype with multilayered FeNi-based sensitive elements deposited onto glass or polymer substrates adapted for FG studies. The MI measurements in the initial state and in the presence of FG with different concentrations of MNPs at a frequency range of 1\u2013300 MHz allowed a precise characterization of the stray fields of the MNPs present in the FG. We proposed an electrodynamic model to describe the MI in multilayered film with a FG layer based on the solution of linearized Maxwell equations for the electromagnetic fields coupled with the Landau-Lifshitz equation for the magnetization dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T09:21:37Z","timestamp":1521105697000},"page":"872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Mechanical, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Ferrogels with Embedded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Obtained by Laser Target Evaporation: Focus on Multifunctional Biosensor Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4434-2873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Blyakhman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg 620028, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3719-5692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikita","family":"Buznikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific and Research Institute of Natural Gases and Gas Technologies\u2014Gazprom VNIIGAZ, Razvilka Leninsky District, Moscow Region 142717, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Sklyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg 620028, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Safronov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Electrophysics, Ural Division RAS, Yekaterinburg 620016, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizaveta","family":"Golubeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4549-8282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey","family":"Svalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Sokolov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg 620028, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grigory","family":"Melnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I\u00f1aki","family":"Orue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Research Facilities (SGIKER), Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco UPV-EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3712-1637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galina","family":"Kurlyandskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia"},{"name":"Departamento de Electricidad y Electr\u00f3nica and BCMaterials, Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco UPV\/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0956-5663(98)00037-2","article-title":"A biosensor based on magnetoresistance technology","volume":"13","author":"Baselt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biosens. 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