{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T11:23:16Z","timestamp":1778066596732,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]],"date-time":"2018-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015958","name":"University of Naples Parthenope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Bando di sostegno alla ricerca individuale per il triennio 2015-2017, Annualit\u00e0 2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Bando di sostegno alla ricerca individuale per il triennio 2015-2017, Annualit\u00e0 2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, we report about our recent results concerning the fabrication of Long Period Grating (LPG) sensors in several optical fibers, through the Electric Arc Discharge (EAD) technique. In particular, the following silica fibers with both different dopants and geometrical structures are considered: standard Ge-doped, photosensitive B\/Ge codoped, P-doped, pure-silica core with F-doped cladding, Panda type Polarization-maintaining, and Hollow core Photonic crystal fiber. An adaptive platform was developed and the appropriate \u201crecipe\u201d was identified for each fiber, in terms of both arc discharge parameters and setup arrangement, for manufacturing LPGs with strong and narrow attenuation bands, low insertion losses, and short length. As the fabricated devices have appealing features from the application point of view, the sensitivity characteristics towards changes in different external perturbations (i.e., surrounding refractive index, temperature, and strain) are investigated and compared, highlighting the effects of different fiber composition and structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]],"date-time":"2018-03-20T06:57:11Z","timestamp":1521529031000},"page":"918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Arc-Induced Long Period Gratings from Standard to Polarization-Maintaining and Photonic Crystal Fibers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1187-5825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavio","family":"Esposito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Naples \u201cParthenope\u201d, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4131-6656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajeev","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Naples \u201cParthenope\u201d, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy"},{"name":"Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Campopiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Naples \u201cParthenope\u201d, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agostino","family":"Iadicicco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Naples \u201cParthenope\u201d, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1109\/50.476137","article-title":"Long-period fiber gratings as band-rejection filters","volume":"14","author":"Vengsarkar","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. 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