{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T16:20:41Z","timestamp":1777738841075,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ammonia (NH3) gas is a prominent air pollutant that is frequently found in industrial and livestock production environments. Due to the importance in controlling pollution and protecting public health, the development of new platforms for sensing NH3 at room temperature has attracted great attention. In this study, a sensitive NH3 gas device with enhanced selectivity is developed based on zinc oxide nanofibers (ZnO NFs) decorated with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and operated at room temperature. ZnO NFs were prepared by electrospinning followed by calcination at 500 \u00b0C for 3 h. The electrospun ZnO NFs are characterized to evaluate the properties of the as-prepared sensing materials. The loading of PSS to prepare ZnO NFs\/PSS composite is also optimized based on the best sensing performance. Under the optimal composition, ZnO NFs\/PSS displays rapid, reversible, and sensitive response upon NH3 exposure at room temperature. The device shows a dynamic linear range up to 100 ppm and a limit of detection of 3.22 ppm and enhanced selectivity toward NH3 in synthetic air, against NO2 and CO, compared to pure ZnO NFs. Additionally, a sensing mechanism is proposed to illustrate the sensing performance using ZnO NFs\/PSS composite. Therefore, this study provides a simple methodology to design a sensitive platform for NH3 monitoring at room temperature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18041058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T12:32:20Z","timestamp":1522672340000},"page":"1058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Sensitive and Selective NH3 Monitoring at Room Temperature Using ZnO Ceramic Nanofibers Decorated with Poly(styrene sulfonate)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Rafaela","family":"Andre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"},{"name":"Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"PPGQ, Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar), S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongwook","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiuchen","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5592-0627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"PPGQ, Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar), S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz","family":"Mattoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"PPGQ, Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar), S\u00e3o Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2004.11.054","article-title":"Van Den Ammonia sensors and their applications\u2014A review","volume":"107","author":"Timmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sens. 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