{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T19:40:38Z","timestamp":1775245238141,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]],"date-time":"2018-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61505138, 61635008, 61475114, 61735011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61505138, 61635008, 61475114, 61735011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Support Plan Program Funding","award":["16JCQNJC01800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16JCQNJC01800"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015M580199, 2016T90205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015M580199, 2016T90205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Instrumentation Program","award":["2013YQ030915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013YQ030915"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC0100500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0100500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS) offer unprecedented features, the most unique one of which is the ability of monitoring variations of the physical and chemical parameters with spatial continuity along the fiber. Among all these distributed sensing techniques, optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) has been given tremendous attention because of its high spatial resolution and large dynamic range. In addition, DOFS based on OFDR have been used to sense many parameters. In this review, we will survey the key technologies for improving sensing range, spatial resolution and sensing performance in DOFS based on OFDR. We also introduce the sensing mechanisms and the applications of DOFS based on OFDR including strain, stress, vibration, temperature, 3D shape, flow, refractive index, magnetic field, radiation, gas and so on.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18041072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]],"date-time":"2018-04-03T13:31:51Z","timestamp":1522762311000},"page":"1072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":292,"title":["Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry: A review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0483-477X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenyang","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Precision Instrument &amp; Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Optical Fiber Sensing Engineering Center, Institute of Optical Fiber Sensing of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Chenhuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Precision Instrument &amp; Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Optical Fiber Sensing Engineering Center, Institute of Optical Fiber Sensing of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Precision Instrument &amp; Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Optical Fiber Sensing Engineering Center, Institute of Optical Fiber Sensing of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Precision Instrument &amp; Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Optical Fiber Sensing Engineering Center, Institute of Optical Fiber Sensing of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Precision Instrument &amp; Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Optical Fiber Sensing Engineering Center, Institute of Optical Fiber Sensing of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Guanyi","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Precision Instrument &amp; Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Zelin","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Precision Instrument &amp; Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Tiegen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Precision Instrument &amp; Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Optical Fiber Sensing Engineering Center, Institute of Optical Fiber Sensing of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.2174\/1874328501307010104","article-title":"Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Based on Rayleigh Scattering","volume":"7","author":"Palmieri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Open Opt. 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