{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T19:17:53Z","timestamp":1773947873066,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,12]],"date-time":"2018-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brillouin optical time domain analysis is the sensing of temperature and strain changes along an optical fiber by measuring the frequency shift changes of Brillouin backscattering. Because frequency shift changes are a linear combination of temperature and strain changes, their discrimination is a challenge. Here, a multicore optical fiber that has two cores is fabricated. The differences between the cores\u2019 temperature and strain coefficients are such that temperature (strain) changes can be discriminated with error amplification factors of 4.57 \u00b0C\/MHz (69.11 \u03bc \u03f5 \/MHz), which is 2.63 (3.67) times lower than previously demonstrated. As proof of principle, using the multicore optical fiber and a commercial Brillouin optical time domain analyzer, the temperature (strain) changes of a thermally expanding metal cylinder are discriminated with an error of 0.24% (3.7%).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18041176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,12]],"date-time":"2018-04-12T12:19:27Z","timestamp":1523535567000},"page":"1176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Discrimination of Temperature and Strain in Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis Using a Multicore Optical Fiber"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Zaghloul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Milione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Networking and Sensing Department, NEC Laboratories America, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corning Research and Development Corporation, Corning, NY 14831, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shenping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corning Research and Development Corporation, Corning, NY 14831, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue-Kai","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Networking and Sensing Department, NEC Laboratories America, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Networking and Sensing Department, NEC Laboratories America, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4152","DOI":"10.3390\/s110404152","article-title":"Recent progress in Brillouin scattering based fiber sensors","volume":"11","author":"Bao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2015.09.013","article-title":"State of the art of Brillouin fiber-optic distributed sensing","volume":"78","author":"Motil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Opt. 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