{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:58:44Z","timestamp":1760241524970,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Energy harvester-integrated wireless devices are attractive for generating semi-permanent power from wasted energy in industrial environments. The energy-harvesting wireless devices may have difficulty in their communication with access points due to insufficient power supply for beacon recognition during network initialization. In this manuscript, we propose a novel method of beacon recognition based on wake-up control to reduce instantaneous power consumption in the initialization procedure. The proposed method applies a moving window for the periodic wake-up of the wireless devices. For unsynchronized wireless devices, beacons are always located in the same positions within each beacon interval even though the starting offsets are unknown. Using these characteristics, the moving window checks the existence of the beacon associated withspecified resources in a beacon interval, checks again for neighboring resources at the next beacon interval, and so on. This method can reduce instantaneous power and generates a surplus of charging time. Thus, the proposed method alleviates the problems of power insufficiency in the network initialization. The feasibility of the proposed method is evaluated using computer simulations of power shortage in various energy-harvesting conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18041237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]],"date-time":"2018-04-18T03:51:13Z","timestamp":1524023473000},"page":"1237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Power-Efficient Beacon Recognition Method Based on Periodic Wake-Up for Industrial Wireless Devices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5667-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soonyong","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IoT Convergence Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donghun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IoT Convergence Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingook","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IoT Convergence Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinchul","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IoT Convergence Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youngsung","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IoT Convergence Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9496","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2711548","article-title":"A fuzzy logic approach by using particle swarm optimization for effective energy management in IWSNs","volume":"64","author":"Collotta","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2016.2606084","article-title":"Intelligent energy efficient localization using variable range beacons in industrial wireless sensor networks","volume":"12","author":"Ni","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niyato, D., Hossain, E., Rashid, M.M., and Bhargava, V.K. (2007). Wireless sensor networks with energy harvesting technologies: A game-theoretic approach to optimal energy management. IEEE Wirel. Commun., 14.","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2007.4300988"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2017.2","article-title":"Industrial wireless monitoring with energy-harvesting devices","volume":"21","author":"Das","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Comput."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/s11633-008-0334-2","article-title":"Comparison of energy harvesting systems for wireless sensor networks","volume":"5","author":"Gilbert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Autom. Comput."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopera, J.M., del Arco Rodr\u00edguez, H., Pereira, J.M.P., de Castro, A.R., and Vigil, J.L.R. (2016, January 2\u20136). Wireless sensors supplied by energy harvesting thermoelectric generators. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, Portland, OR, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/IAS.2016.7731916"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Chalasani, S., and Conrad, J.M. (2008, January 3\u20136). A survey of energy harvesting sources for embedded systems. Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Southeastcon, Huntsville, AL, USA."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.060710.00094","article-title":"Energy harvesting sensor nodes: Survey and implications","volume":"13","author":"Sudevalayam","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pizzotti, M., Perilli, L., del Prete, M., Fabbri, D., Canegallo, R., Dini, M., Masotti, D., Costanzo, A., Franchi Scarselli, E., and Romani, A. (2017). A Long-Distance RF-Powered Sensor Node with Adaptive Power Management for IoT Applications. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17081732"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2010.06.014","article-title":"Energy harvesting: State-of-the-art","volume":"36","author":"Harb","year":"2011","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4258","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2009.2015754","article-title":"Industrial wireless sensor networks: Challenges, design principles, and technical approaches","volume":"56","author":"Gungor","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"46","article-title":"Wireless sensor networks for industrial process monitoring and control: A survey","volume":"3","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Netw. Protoc. Algorithms"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2016.2617864","article-title":"Adaptive Beacon Transmission in Cognitive-OFDM-Based Industrial Wireless Networks","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3868","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2010.2040630","article-title":"Guaranteeing real-time services for industrial wireless sensor networks with IEEE 802.15. 4","volume":"57","author":"Yoo","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"LAN\/MAN Standards Committee (2003). Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs), IEEE Computer Society."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csi.2011.03.004","article-title":"A review of wireless sensors and networks\u2019 applications in agriculture","volume":"36","author":"Abbasi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Stand. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2006.54","article-title":"Performance of a beacon enabled IEEE 802.15. 4 cluster with downlink and uplink traffic","volume":"17","author":"Misic","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moriyama, T., Nakayama, T., and Fujii, T. (2016, January 5\u20138). Receiver beacon transmission interval design for multi-stage wireless sensor networks. Proceedings of the 2016 Eighth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN), Vienna, Austria.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUFN.2016.7537015"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Fafoutis, X., and Dragoni, N. (November, January 31). ODMAC: An on-demand MAC protocol for energy harvesting-wireless sensor networks. Proceedings of the 8th ACM Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Wireless Ad Hoc, Sensor, and Ubiquitous Networks, Miami Beach, FL, USA."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514169","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/514169","article-title":"ERI-MAC: An energy-harvested receiver-initiated MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks","volume":"10","author":"Nguyen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3926","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.2315211","article-title":"RF-MAC: A medium access control protocol for re-chargeable sensor networks powered by wireless energy harvesting","volume":"13","author":"Naderi","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2014.03.027","article-title":"Energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks: A top-down survey","volume":"67","author":"Rault","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.4218\/etrij.15.0115.0017","article-title":"MAC protocols for energy harvesting wireless sensor networks: Survey","volume":"37","author":"Kosunalp","year":"2015","journal-title":"ETRI J."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"QualNet Simulator (2010). 5.0, Qualnet 5 Users Guide Scalable Network Technologies, SCALABLE Network Technologies, Inc."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"129","article-title":"Performance analysis of IEEE 802.15. 4 based sensor networks for smart grids communications","volume":"1","author":"Ullo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Electr. Eng. Theory Appl."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Datasheet (2006). MICAz Wireless Measurement System, Crossbow Technology, Inc."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.5194\/ars-5-347-2007","article-title":"Energy modelling in sensor networks","volume":"5","author":"Schmidt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Radio Sci."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/4\/1237\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:01:04Z","timestamp":1760194864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/4\/1237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s18041237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18041237","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]}}}