{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T23:32:16Z","timestamp":1767915136740,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A novel ecosystem to promote the physical, emotional and psychic health and well-being of the elderly is presented. Our proposal was designed to add several services developed to meet the needs of the senior population, namely services to improve social inclusion and increase contribution to society. Moreover, the solution monitors the vital signs of elderly individuals, as well as environmental parameters and behavior patterns, in order to seek eminent danger situations and predict potential hazardous issues, acting in accordance with the various alert levels specified for each individual. The platform was tested by seniors in a real scenario. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed ecosystem was well accepted and is easy to use by seniors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18041246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]],"date-time":"2018-04-18T03:51:13Z","timestamp":1524023473000},"page":"1246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Active and Assisted Living Ecosystem for the Elderly"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Isabel","family":"Marcelino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INOV INESC INOVA\u00c7\u00c3O Instituto de Novas Tecnologias\u2014Delega\u00e7\u00e3o de Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Technology and Management, Computer Science and Communications Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosal\u00eda","family":"Laza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESEI: Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain"},{"name":"CINBIO: Centro de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n SING, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcio","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Technology and Management, Computer Science and Communications Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7815-9909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvana","family":"G\u00f3mez-Meire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESEI: Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3943-8013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florentino","family":"Fdez-Riverola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESEI: Escuela Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain"},{"name":"CINBIO: Centro de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n SING, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5062-1241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INOV INESC INOVA\u00c7\u00c3O Instituto de Novas Tecnologias\u2014Delega\u00e7\u00e3o de Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Technology and Management, Computer Science and Communications Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2013). Word Population Ageing, United Nations."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10538","DOI":"10.3390\/s140610538","article-title":"A Framework for Context-aware Elderly Entertainment Support System","volume":"14","author":"Hossain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Van Bronswijk, J.E.M.H. (2012). Gerontechnology. International Journal on the Fundamental Aspects of Technology to Serve the Ageing Society (ISG), International Society for Gerontechnology."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.01.062","article-title":"Older adults\u2019 experiences and perceptions of digital technology: (Dis)empowerment, wellbeing, and inclusion","volume":"48","author":"Hill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"3","article-title":"Defining gerontechnology for R&D purposes","volume":"8","author":"Bouma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gerontechnology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charnness, N. (2009). Gerontechnology. Future Interaction Design II, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84800-385-9_1"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Harrington, T.L., and Harrington, M.K. (2000). Gerontechnology: Why and How, Shaker Publishing B.V."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"163","article-title":"What Do They Like? Communication Preferences and Patterns of Older Adults in the U.S.: The Role of Technology","volume":"1277","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Educ. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2017, September 14). AAL Joint Programme\u2014ICT for Ageing Well. Available online: http:\/\/www.aal-europe.eu\/about\/."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Gaddam, A., Mukhopadhyay, S.C., Sen Gupta, G., and Guesgen, H. (December, January 30). Wireless Sensors Networks based monitoring: Review, challenges and implementation issues. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Sensing Technology, Tainan, Taiwan."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Di Martino, C., D\u2019Avino, G., and Testa, A. (2009, January 13\u201317). iCAAS: An Interoperable and Configurable Architecture for Accessing Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Adaptive and Dependable Mobile Ubiquitous Systems, London, UK."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H.-B., and Kohno, R. (2007, January 24\u201326). Introduction of SG-BAN in IEEE 802.15 with Related Discussion. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Singapore.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUWB.2007.4380929"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Testa, A., Coronato, A., Cinque, M., and Augusto, J.C. (2012, January 25\u201329). Static Verification of Wireless Sensor Networks with Formal Methods. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Signal Image Technology and Internet Based Systems (SITIS), Naples, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/SITIS.2012.90"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-010-0260-8","article-title":"Body Area Networks: A Survey","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mob. Netw. Appl."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s10732-014-9258-x","article-title":"Heuristic strategies for assessing wireless sensor network resiliency: And event-based formal approach","volume":"21","author":"Testa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Heuristics"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"35","article-title":"Utilization and Impacts of GPS Tracking in Healthcare: A Research Study for Elderly Care","volume":"45","author":"Munir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcelino, I., Laza, R., Domingues, P., G\u00f3mez-Meire, S., and Pereira, A. (2015, January 3\u20135). eServices\u2014Service platform for pervasive elderly care. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Ambient Intelligence, Salamanca, Spain.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19695-4_21"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"229","article-title":"Mobile medical and health apps: State of the art, concerns, regulatory control and certification","volume":"5","author":"Boulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Online J. Public Health Inf."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"(2017, September 14). Microsoft Research\u2014Measuring Gait and Balance. Available online: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=3Gz1pBKXjbI."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2012.09.003","article-title":"Smart wearable systems: Current status and future challenges","volume":"56","author":"Chan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-010-0252-4","article-title":"A Survey on Wireless Body Area Networks","volume":"17","author":"Braem","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Wirel. Netw."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2018, April 04). Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa Teleassist\u00eancia. Available online: http:\/\/www.cruzvermelha.pt\/actividades\/teleassistencia.html."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"(2018, April 04). Portugal Telecom Teleassist\u00eancia. Available online: http:\/\/www.fundacao.telecom.pt\/Home\/Sa\u00fadeeBemEstar\/ApoioeAssist\u00eanciaRemota\/Teleassist\u00eancia.aspx."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barriuso, A., Prieta, F., and Li, T. (2015, January 3\u20135). An Agent-Based Social Simulation Platform with 3D Representation for Labor Integration of Disabled People. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Practical Applications Agents Multi-Agent Systems and Sustainability, Salamanca, Spain.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19629-9_7"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zato, C., Villarrubia, G., S\u00e1nchez, A., Barri, I., Rubi\u00f3n, E., Fern\u00e1ndez, A., Rebate, C., Cabo, J., \u00c1lamos, T., and Sanz, J. (2012, January 28\u201330). Platform for Automatic construction of organizations of intelligent Agents. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Distributed Computing Artificial Intelligence, Salamanca, Spain.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28765-7_27"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9900","DOI":"10.3390\/s140609900","article-title":"Monitoring and Detection Platform to Prevent Anomalous Situations in Home Care","volume":"14","author":"Villarrubia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2014.03.003","article-title":"Multi-Agent Information Fusion System to manage data from a WSN in a residential home","volume":"23","author":"Paz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"R\u00f6cker, C., and Ziefle, M. (2012, January 12\u201313). Current Approaches to Ambient Assisted Living. Proceedings of the International Conference on Future Information Technology Management Science and Engineering, Hong Kong."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2012.10.013","article-title":"Relevance and perspectives of AAL in Brazil","volume":"86","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"(2017, September 14). OASIS Project. Available online: http:\/\/www.oasis-project.eu\/."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Kutz, O., Mossakowski, T., Galinski, C., and Lange, C. (2011, January 10\u201311). Towards a Standard for Heterogeneous Ontology Integration and Interoperability. Proceedings of the International Conference on Terminology Language and Content Resources, Seul, Korea."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Costa, A., Novais, P., and Simoes, R. (2014, January 6\u20138). An AAL Collaborative System: The AAL4ALL and a Mobile Assistant Case Study. Proceedings of the 15th IFIP WG 5.5 Working Conference on Virtual Enterprises, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5654","DOI":"10.3390\/s140305654","article-title":"Caregiver Support Platform within the Scope of an Ambient Assisted Living Ecosystem","volume":"14","author":"Costa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph6071947","article-title":"Connectivity for healthcare and well-being management: Examples from six European projects","volume":"6","author":"Lou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunes, F., Kerwin, M., and Silva, P. (2012, January 22\u201324). Design Recommendations for TV User Interfaces for Older Adults: Findings from the eCAALYX Project. Proceedings of the 14th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, Boulder, CO, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2384916.2384924"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"610","article-title":"The universAAL Reference Model for AAL","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Tazari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Handbook of Ambient Assisted Living\u2014Technology for Healthcare, Rehabilitation, and Well-Being"},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"(2018, April 07). UniversAAL Depot. Available online: http:\/\/depot.universaal.org\/."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"(2018, April 07). UniversAAL IoT. Available online: http:\/\/www.universaal.info\/."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"(2017, September 14). AAL Programme. Available online: http\/\/www.aal-europe.eu\/our-projects\/."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8961","DOI":"10.3390\/s140508961","article-title":"A ubiquitous and low-cost solution for movement monitoring and accident detection based on sensor fusion","volume":"14","author":"Felisberto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"27","article-title":"ZigBee: A low power wireless technology for industrial applications","volume":"2","author":"Somani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Control Theory Comput. Model."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcelino, I., and Pereira, A. (2009, January 20\u201325). Elder Care Modular Solution. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Advances in Human-oriented and Personalized Mechanisms, Technologies, and Services, Porto, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1109\/CENTRIC.2009.8"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, G., Penicheiro, P., Bernardo, R., Mendes, L., Barroso, J., and Pereira, A. (2017). Low Cost Smart Homes for Elders. Proceedings of Universal Access in Human\u2013Computer Interaction: UAHCI 2017, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58700-4_41"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"32","article-title":"Fall Detection on Ambient Assisted Living using a Wireless Sensor Network","volume":"1","author":"Pereira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Distrib. Comput. Artif. Intell. J."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/11552338_13","article-title":"Protecting Privacy Against Location-based Personal Identification","volume":"3674","author":"Bettini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Secur. Data Manag."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2011.5741159","article-title":"QoX: What is It Really?","volume":"49","author":"Stankiewicz","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2010.5430138","article-title":"User Measures of Quality of Experience: Why Being Objective and Quantitative Is Important","volume":"24","author":"Brooks","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fong, B., Fong, A.C.M., and Li, C.K. (2011). Telemedicine Technologies\u2014Information Technologies in Medicine and Telehealth, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470972151"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530828","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/530828","article-title":"Using the eServices Platform for Detecting Behavior Patterns Deviation in the Elderly Assisted Living: A Case Study","volume":"2015","author":"Marcelino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3233\/AIS-2011-0090","article-title":"Ambient Intelligence 2.0: Towards Synergetic Prosperity","volume":"3","author":"Aarts","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ambient Intell. Smart Environ."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"209","article-title":"Achieving impact in ergonomic research","volume":"41","author":"Mcdonald","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ambient Intell. Smart Environ."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/4\/1246\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:01:07Z","timestamp":1760194867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/4\/1246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s18041246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18041246","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]}}}