{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T15:28:43Z","timestamp":1775230123992,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,26]],"date-time":"2018-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A second-generation monostatic radar system to measure microwave reflections from the human breast is presented and analyzed. The present system can measure the outline of the breast with an accuracy of \u00b11 mm and precisely place the microwave sensor in an adaptive matter such that microwaves are normally incident on the skin. Microwave reflections are measured between 10 MHz to 12 GHz with sensitivity of 65 to 75 dB below the input power and a total scan time of 30 min for 140 locations. The time domain reflections measured from a volunteer show fidelity above 0.98 for signals in a single scan. Finally, multiple scans of a breast phantoms demonstrate the consistency of the system in terms of recorded reflection, outline measurement, and image reconstruction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]],"date-time":"2018-04-27T06:52:23Z","timestamp":1524811943000},"page":"1340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Adaptive Monostatic System for Measuring Microwave Reflections from the Breast"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5787-7709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremie","family":"Bourqui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kuhlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"College of Engineering and Architecture of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Douglas J.","family":"Kurrant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5476-0561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin R.","family":"Lavoie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9984-8188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elise C.","family":"Fear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-016-1578-6","article-title":"Microwave Technology for Detecting Traumatic Intracranial Bleedings: Tests on Phantom of Subdural Hematoma and Numerical Simulations","volume":"55","author":"Candefjord","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. 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