{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:59:08Z","timestamp":1760241548769,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MINECO-FEDER, UE","award":["TEC2015-65750-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TEC2015-65750-R"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a low-power fully integrated quadrature signal generator for system-on-chip (SoC) impedance spectroscopy applications. It has been designed in a 0.18 \u03bcm-1.8 V CMOS technology as a self-contained oscillator, without the need for an external reference clock. The frequency can be digitally tuned from 10 to 345 kHz with 12-bit accuracy and a relative mean error below 1.7%, thus supporting a wide range of impedance sensing applications. The proposal is experimentally validated in two impedance spectrometry examples, achieving good magnitude and phase recovery results compared to the results obtained using a commercial LCR-meter. Besides the wide frequency tuning range, the proposed programmable oscillator features a total power consumption lower than 0.77 mW and an active area of 0.129 mm2, thus constituting a highly suitable choice as stimulation module for instrument-on-a-chip devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T05:48:24Z","timestamp":1525067304000},"page":"1382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A CMOS Self-Contained Quadrature Signal Generator for SoC Impedance Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4949-1539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Electronic Design, Aragon Institute for Engineering Research (GDE-I3A), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8617-5703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"P\u00e9rez-Bail\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Electronic Design, Aragon Institute for Engineering Research (GDE-I3A), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Electronic Design, Aragon Institute for Engineering Research (GDE-I3A), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5380-3013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"Medrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Electronic Design, Aragon Institute for Engineering Research (GDE-I3A), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro A.","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Electronic Design, Aragon Institute for Engineering Research (GDE-I3A), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, H., Zhang, C., Weng, Z., Guo, Y., and Wang, Z. 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