{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T18:25:09Z","timestamp":1779215109830,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]],"date-time":"2018-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","award":["R01 OH010533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 OH010533"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An integrated network of environmental monitors was developed to continuously measure several airborne hazards in a manufacturing facility. The monitors integrated low-cost sensors to measure particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone and nitrogen dioxide, noise, temperature and humidity. The monitors were developed and tested in situ for three months in several overlapping deployments, before a full cohort of 40 was deployed in a heavy vehicle manufacturing facility for a year of data collection. The monitors collect data from each sensor and report them to a central database every 5 min. The work includes an experimental validation of the particle, gas and noise monitors. The R2 for the particle sensor ranges between 0.98 and 0.99 for particle mass densities up to 300 \u03bcg\/m3. The R2 for the carbon monoxide sensor is 0.99 for concentrations up to 15 ppm. The R2 for the oxidizing gas sensor is 0.98 over the sensitive range from 20 to 180 ppb. The noise monitor is precise within 1% between 65 and 95 dBA. This work demonstrates the capability of distributed monitoring as a means to examine exposure variability in both space and time, building an important preliminary step towards a new approach for workplace hazard monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]],"date-time":"2018-05-04T03:08:21Z","timestamp":1525403301000},"page":"1411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Low-Cost, Distributed Environmental Monitors for Factory Worker Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Geb W.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sinan","family":"Sousan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Tatum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8549-3005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoxing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Adelphi University, New York, NY 11530, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2233-2706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Zuidema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health &amp; Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsten A.","family":"Koehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health &amp; Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20560","article-title":"Mortality among U.S. underground coal miners: A 23-year follow-up","volume":"51","author":"Attfield","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. 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