{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T14:50:02Z","timestamp":1769352602232,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]],"date-time":"2018-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DPI2016-80894-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DPI2016-80894-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TIN2015-66972-C5-2-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TIN2015-66972-C5-2-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Many researchers have explored the relationship between recurrent neural networks and finite state machines. Finite state machines constitute the best-characterized computational model, whereas artificial neural networks have become a very successful tool for modeling and problem solving. The neurally-inspired lateral inhibition method, and its application to motion detection tasks, have been successfully implemented in recent years. In this paper, control knowledge of the algorithmic lateral inhibition (ALI) method is described and applied by means of finite state machines, in which the state space is constituted from the set of distinguishable cases of accumulated charge in a local memory. The article describes an ALI implementation for a motion detection task. For the implementation, we have chosen to use one of the members of the 16-nm Kintex UltraScale+ family of Xilinx FPGAs. FPGAs provide the necessary accuracy, resolution, and precision to run neural algorithms alongside current sensor technologies. The results offered in this paper demonstrate that this implementation provides accurate object tracking performance on several datasets, obtaining a high F-score value (0.86) for the most complex sequence used. Moreover, it outperforms implementations of a complete ALI algorithm and a simplified version of the ALI algorithm\u2014named \u201caccumulative computation\u201d\u2014which was run about ten years ago, now reaching real-time processing times that were simply not achievable at that time for ALI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]],"date-time":"2018-05-04T03:08:21Z","timestamp":1525403301000},"page":"1420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Finite State Machine Approach to Algorithmic Lateral Inhibition for Real-Time Motion Detection \u2020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda T.","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071-Albacete, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3313-4078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurelio","family":"Berm\u00fadez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071-Albacete, Spain"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071-Albacete, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071-Albacete, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8211-0398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Caballero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071-Albacete, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44597-8_34","article-title":"Finite-state computation in analog neural networks: Steps towards biologically plausible models","volume":"Volume 2036","author":"Wermter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emergent Neural Computational Architectures Based on Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1968.1054133","article-title":"Review of \u201cComputation: Finite and Infinite Machines\u201d (Minsky, Marvin; 1967)","volume":"14","author":"Arbib","year":"1968","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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