{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T09:11:51Z","timestamp":1771233111397,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]],"date-time":"2018-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The use of antibiotics is mandatory in patients during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Clinical studies have shown high variability in the antibiotic concentrations, as well as sequestration of them by the ECMO circuit, suggesting that the doses and\/or interval administration used during ECMO may not be adequate. Thus, a fast response sensor to estimate antibiotic concentrations in this setting would contribute to improve dose adjustments. The biosensor PenP has been shown to have a dynamic range, sensitivity and specificity useful for pharmacokinetic (PK) tests in healthy subjects. However, the use of this biosensor in the context of a complex critical condition, such as ECMO during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), has not been tested. Objectives: To describe, by using PenP Biosensor, the pharmacokinetic of meropenem in a 24-h animal ARDS\/ECMO model. Methods: The PK of meropenem was evaluated in a swine model before and during ECMO. Results: The PK parameters such as maximum concentration (Cmax), elimination rate constant (Ke), and cleareance (Cl), were not significantly altered during ECMO support. Conclusions: (a) ECMO does not affect the PK of meropenem, at least during the first 24 h; and (b) PenP has the potential to become an effective tool for making medical decisions associated with the dose model of antibiotics in a critical patient context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]],"date-time":"2018-05-04T03:08:21Z","timestamp":1525403301000},"page":"1424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluation of Meropenem Pharmacokinetics in an Experimental Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Model during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) by Using a PenP \u03b2-Lactamase Biosensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Max","family":"Andresen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory 103B, Centro de Investigaciones M\u00e9dicas, Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Cl\u00ednico, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago 8330024, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joaquin","family":"Araos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory 103B, Centro de Investigaciones M\u00e9dicas, Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Cl\u00ednico, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago 8330024, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwok-Yin","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun-Chung","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7370-0986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lok-Yan","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wai-Ting","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, V\u00edctor Lamas 1290, Concepci\u00f3n 4070386, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory 103B, Centro de Investigaciones M\u00e9dicas, Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Cl\u00ednico, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago 8330024, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leyla","family":"Alegria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory 103B, Centro de Investigaciones M\u00e9dicas, Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Cl\u00ednico, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago 8330024, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8034-1937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Bruhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory 103B, Centro de Investigaciones M\u00e9dicas, Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Cl\u00ednico, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago 8330024, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dagoberto","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory 103B, Centro de Investigaciones M\u00e9dicas, Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Cl\u00ednico, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago 8330024, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340051115","article-title":"Antibiotic usage and prescribing policies in the intensive care unit","volume":"26","author":"Emmerson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Intensiv. 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