{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:58:54Z","timestamp":1760241534027,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,5]],"date-time":"2018-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation CNCS\/CCCDI - UEFISCDI","award":["Project number PN-III-P2-2.1- BG-2016-0286 and Contract no. 77BG\/2016 within PNCDI III"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project number PN-III-P2-2.1- BG-2016-0286 and Contract no. 77BG\/2016 within PNCDI III"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we report a study having as a main goal the obtaining of a method that can provide an accurate forecast of the residential electricity consumption, refining it up to the appliance level, using sensor recorded data, for residential smart homes complexes that use renewable energy sources as a part of their consumed electricity, overcoming the limitations of not having available historical meteorological data and the unwillingness of the contractor to acquire such data periodically in the future accurate short-term forecasts from a specialized institute due to the implied costs. In this purpose, we have developed a mixed artificial neural network (ANN) approach using both non-linear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) ANNs and function fitting neural networks (FITNETs). We have used a large dataset containing detailed electricity consumption data recorded by sensors, monitoring a series of individual appliances, while in the NARX case we have also used timestamps datasets as exogenous variables. After having developed and validated the forecasting method, we have compiled it in view of incorporating it into a cloud solution, being delivered to the contractor that can provide it as a service for a monthly fee to both the operators and residential consumers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,7]],"date-time":"2018-05-07T03:12:21Z","timestamp":1525662741000},"page":"1443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Developing a Mixed Neural Network Approach to Forecast the Residential Electricity Consumption Based on Sensor Recorded Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9005-5181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona-Vasilica","family":"Oprea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economic Informatics and Cybernetics, The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, Romana Square 6, Bucharest 010374, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7381-1934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"P\u00eerjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Statistics and Mathematics, Romanian-American University, Expozi\u021biei 1B, Bucharest 012101, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7764-2405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"C\u0103ru\u021ba\u0219u","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Statistics and Mathematics, Romanian-American University, Expozi\u021biei 1B, Bucharest 012101, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1080-1464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana-Mihaela","family":"Petro\u0219anu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Statistics and Mathematics, Romanian-American University, Expozi\u021biei 1B, Bucharest 012101, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics-Informatics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independen\u021bei 313, Bucharest 060042, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adela","family":"B\u00e2ra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economic Informatics and Cybernetics, The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, Romana Square 6, Bucharest 010374, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justina-Lavinia","family":"St\u0103nic\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Statistics and Mathematics, Romanian-American University, Expozi\u021biei 1B, Bucharest 012101, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Coculescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Statistics and Mathematics, Romanian-American University, Expozi\u021biei 1B, Bucharest 012101, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"European Commission (2013). 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