{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:09:30Z","timestamp":1775146170068,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]],"date-time":"2018-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>People who suffer from any kind of motor difficulty face serious complications to autonomously move in their daily lives. However, a growing number research projects which propose different powered wheelchairs control systems are arising. Despite of the interest of the research community in the area, there is no platform that allows an easy integration of various control methods that make use of heterogeneous sensors and computationally demanding algorithms. In this work, an architecture based on virtual organizations of agents is proposed that makes use of a flexible and scalable communication protocol that allows the deployment of embedded agents in computationally limited devices. In order to validate the proper functioning of the proposed system, it has been integrated into a conventional wheelchair and a set of alternative control interfaces have been developed and deployed, including a portable electroencephalography system, a voice interface or as specifically designed smartphone application. A set of tests were conducted to test both the platform adequacy and the accuracy and ease of use of the proposed control systems yielding positive results that can be useful in further wheelchair interfaces design and implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]],"date-time":"2018-05-11T03:42:48Z","timestamp":1526010168000},"page":"1511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Agent-Based Intelligent Interface for Wheelchair Movement Control"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6216-3591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto L.","family":"Barriuso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BISITE Digital Innovation Hub., University of Salamanca, Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, C\/Espejo SN, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4075-0469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"P\u00e9rez-Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BISITE Digital Innovation Hub., University of Salamanca, Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, C\/Espejo SN, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0291-7627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego M.","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BISITE Digital Innovation Hub., University of Salamanca, Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, C\/Espejo SN, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6536-2251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Villarrubia Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BISITE Digital Innovation Hub., University of Salamanca, Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, C\/Espejo SN, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan F.","family":"De Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BISITE Digital Innovation Hub., University of Salamanca, Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, C\/Espejo SN, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2010). Fact Sheet on Wheelchairs, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"European Comission (2015). The 2015 Ageing Report, European Comission."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"United Nations (1994). Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities, United Nations."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"European Comission (2010). European Disability Strategy 2010\u20132020: A Renewed Commitment to a Barrier-Free Europe, European Commission."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Schumer, C.E. (2015). The Disability Integration Act, U.S. Congress."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonarini, A., Ceriani, S., Fontana, G., and Matteucci, M. (2013). On the development of a multi-modal autonomous wheelchair. Handbook of Research on ICTs for Human-Centered Healthcare and Social Care Services, IGI Global.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-4666-3986-7.ch038"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmachtheory.2017.02.003","article-title":"Design of a self-leveling cam mechanism for a stair climbing wheelchair","volume":"112","author":"Quaglia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mech. Mach. Theory"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponce, P., Molina, A., Mendoza, R., Ruiz, M.A., Monnard, D.G., and del Campo, L.D.F. (2010). Intelligent Wheelchair and Virtual Training by LabVIEW, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16761-4_37"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172988141875576","DOI":"10.1177\/1729881418755768","article-title":"A fuzzy logic navigation controller implemented in hardware for an electric wheelchair","volume":"15","author":"Rojas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Robot. Syst."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heitmann, J., Kohn, C., and Stefanov, D. (July, January 29). Robotic wheelchair control interface based on headrest pressure measurement. Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICORR.2011.5975482"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kundu, S., Mazumder, O., Lenka, P.K., and Bhaumik, S. (2017). Hand Gesture Recognition Based Omnidirectional Wheelchair Control Using IMU and EMG Sensors. J. Intell. Robot. Syst., 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-017-0725-0"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"353","article-title":"Adequacy of power wheelchair control interfaces for persons with severe disabilities: A clinical survey","volume":"37","author":"Fehr","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2009.07.013","article-title":"Joystick Control for Powered Mobility: Current State of Technology and Future Directions","volume":"21","author":"Dicianno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Rehabil. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Mo-Vis (2017, November 09). mo-Vis All-Round Joystick P002-71. Available online: http:\/\/www.mo-vis.com\/en\/products\/mo-vis-products\/all-round-joystick."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Invacare (2017, November 10). Invacare Field Reference Guide. Available online: https:\/\/www.invacare.com\/doc_files\/1141471.pdf."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Ottobock (2017, November 10). Ottobock Joystick Mini Abatible. Available online: http:\/\/www.ottobock.es\/movilidad\/sillas-de-ruedas-electronicas-y-mandos-especiales\/mandos-especiales\/."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2018, April 20). Drive Controls-Permobil. Available online: https:\/\/permobilus.com\/products\/power-wheelchairs-by-permobil\/accessories\/drive-controls\/."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"(2018, April 20). Switch-It catalogue. Available online: http:\/\/www.sunrisemedical.com\/getattachment\/956dd894-d6ec-4769-9f23-20593e0ad524\/Switch-It-Alternative-Drive-Controls-Catalog.aspx."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Magitek (2017, November 10). Magitek-Products. Available online: http:\/\/www.magitek.com\/products\/."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2017.04.005","article-title":"Developing and modeling of voice control system for prosthetic robot arm in medical systems","volume":"30","author":"Gundogdu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rogowski (2012). Industrially oriented voice control system. Robot. Comput. Integr. Manuf., 28, 303\u2013315.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2011.09.010"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, J., Gao, X., Yang, Y., Li, H., Ai, Z., and Cui, X. (2010, January 24\u201326). Developing a voice control system for ZigBee-based home automation networks. Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Network Infrastructure and Digital Content, Beijing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNIDC.2010.5657880"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2015.10.004","article-title":"Speech-controlled cloud-based wheelchair platform for disabled persons","volume":"39","author":"Zupan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microprocess. Microsyst."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protcy.2013.04.020","article-title":"Development of a dual control system applied to a smart wheelchair, using magnetic and speech control","volume":"7","author":"Sibaja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Procedia Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.06.009","article-title":"Voice controlled wheelchairs: Fine control by humming","volume":"112","author":"Peixoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2016.09.001","article-title":"Computer vision for assistive technologies","volume":"154","author":"Leo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Underst."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"185","article-title":"Eye motion tracking for wheelchair control","volume":"2","author":"Gajwani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10015-009-0694-x","article-title":"Electric wheelchair control with gaze direction and eye blinking","volume":"14","author":"Purwanto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Artif. Life Robot."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2010.06.007","article-title":"Smart wheelchair control through a deictic approach","volume":"58","author":"Leishman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rob. Auton. Syst."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2013.2287792","article-title":"Driving Assistance by Deictic Control for a Smart Wheelchair: The Assessment Issue","volume":"44","author":"Leishman","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2016.10.006","article-title":"Wheelchair control by elderly participants in a virtual environment with a brain-computer interface (BCI) and tactile stimulation","volume":"121","author":"Herweg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Craig, D.A., and Nguyen, H.T. (2007, January 22\u201326). Adaptive EEG thought pattern classifier for advanced wheelchair control. Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE on Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS), Lyon, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2007.4352847"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"7480","article-title":"Intelligent wheelchair system based on sEMG and head gesture","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. China Univ. Posts Telecommun."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.01.044","article-title":"Soft, conformal bioelectronics for a wireless human-wheelchair interface","volume":"91","author":"Mishra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hashimoto, M., Takahashi, K., and Shimada, M. (2009, January 14\u201317). Wheelchair control using an EOG-and EMG-based gesture interface. Proceedings of the AIM 2009. IEEE\/ASME International Conference onAdvanced Intelligent Mechatronics, Singapore.","DOI":"10.1109\/AIM.2009.5229752"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.3182\/20130902-3-CN-3020.00149","article-title":"Fusing Visual Tracking and Navigation for autonomous Control of An Intelligent Wheelchair","volume":"46","author":"Lei","year":"2013","journal-title":"IFAC Proc. Vol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miyamoto, S., Koshizen, T., Matsumoto, T., Kawase, H., Higuchi, M., Torimoto, Y., Uno, K., and Sato, F. (2018). An Application Using a BLE Beacon Model Combined with Fully Autonomous Wheelchair Control, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-61566-0_30"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2013.10.281","article-title":"An Intelligent Wheelchair Using Situation Awareness and Obstacle Detection","volume":"97","author":"Yeounggwang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2014.10.017","article-title":"A visual servoing approach for autonomous corridor following and doorway passing in a wheelchair","volume":"75","author":"Pasteaua","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rob. Auton. Syst."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2012.02.004","article-title":"Robotics software frameworks for multi-agent robotic systems development","volume":"60","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rob. Auton. Syst."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Collett, T.H.J., MacDonald, B.A., and Gerkey, B.P. (2005, January 5\u20137). Player 2.0: Toward a practical robot programming framework. Proceedings of the Australasian conference on robotics and automation (ACRA 2005), Sydney, Australia."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Bruyninckx, H. (2001, January 21\u201326). Open robot control software: The OROCOS project. Proceedings of the 2001 ICRA. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Seoul, Korea."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Quigley, M., Conley, K., Gerkey, B., Faust, J., Foote, T., Leibs, J., Wheeler, R., and Ng, A.Y. (2009, January 12\u201317). ROS: An open-source Robot Operating System. Proceedings of the ICRA Workshop on Open Source Software, Kobe, Japan."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ando, N., Suehiro, T., and Kotoku, T. (2008, January 20\u201323). A software platform for component based rt-system development: Openrtm-aist. Proceedings of the International Conference on Simulation, Modeling, and Programming for Autonomous Robots, Bergamo, Italy.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89076-8_12"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calisi, D., Censi, A., Iocchi, L., and Nardi, D. (2008, January 22\u201326). OpenRDK: A modular framework for robotic software development. Proceedings of the IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS 2008, Nice, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2008.4651213"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2013.01.048","article-title":"A cooperative multi-agent robotics system: Design and modelling","volume":"40","author":"Cena","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-010-3049-9","article-title":"Investigating the robustness of re-scheduling policies with multi-agent system simulation","volume":"55","author":"Merdan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marconi, L., Melchiorri, C., Beetz, M., Pangercic, D., Siegwart, R., Leutenegger, S., Carloni, R., Stramigioli, S., Bruyninckx, H., and Doherty, P. (2012, January 5\u20138). The SHERPA project: Smart collaboration between humans and ground-aerial robots for improving rescuing activities in alpine environments. Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR), College Station, TX, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/SSRR.2012.6523905"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Rubenstein, M., Cabrera, A., Werfel, J., Habibi, G., McLurkin, J., and Nagpal, R. (2013, January 6\u201310). Collective transport of complex objects by simple robots: Theory and experiments. Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, Saint Paul, MN, USA."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"10","article-title":"Are autonomous mobile robots able to take over construction? A review","volume":"4","author":"Ardiny","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Robot. Theory Appl."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.21620","article-title":"Multiple-Robot Simultaneous Localization and Mapping: A Review","volume":"33","author":"Saeedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. F. Robot."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2009.2024681","article-title":"Sequential Q-Learning with Kalman Filtering for Multirobot Cooperative Transportation","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE\/ASME Trans. Mechatron."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Bellifemine, F., Poggi, A., and Rimassa, G. (1999). JADE\u2014A FIPA-Compliant Agent Framework, The Practical Application Company Ltd."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Luke, S., Cioffi-Revilla, C., Panait, L., and Sullivan, K. (2004, January 9\u201311). Mason: A new multi-agent simulation toolkit. Proceedings of the 2004 Swarmfest Workshop, Ann Arbor, MI, USA."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zato, C., Villarrubia, G., S\u00e1nchez, A., Barri, I., Rubi\u00f3n, E., Fern\u00e1ndez, A., Rebate, C., Cabo, J.A., \u00c1lamos, T., and Sanz, J. (2012). PANGEA\u2014Platform for Automatic coNstruction of orGanizations of intElligent Agents, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28765-7_27"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3182\/20130708-3-CN-2036.00076","article-title":"An improved localization and navigation method for intelligent wheelchair in narrow and crowded environments","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"IFAC Proc. Vol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berj\u00f3n, R., Mateos, M., Muriel, I., and Villarrubia, G. (2012). Automatic Route Playback for Powered Wheelchairs. Highlights on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28762-6_33"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"816","article-title":"Design and development of head motion controlled wheelchair","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79642","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/79642","article-title":"Self-paced (asynchronous) BCI control of a wheelchair in virtual environments: A case study with a tetraplegic","volume":"2007","author":"Leeb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.06.001","article-title":"A brain-actuated wheelchair: Asynchronous and non-invasive brain--computer interfaces for continuous control of robots","volume":"119","author":"Nuttin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Google (2017, November 08). Consumer Barometer. Available online: https:\/\/www.consumerbarometer.com\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"(2017, October 20). Finger Steering Control DX-RJM-VIC MANUAL. Available online: https:\/\/dynamiccontrols.com\/en\/downloads\/dx\/obsolete-dx-product\/65-finger-joystick-installation-manual\/file."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F\u00fcrnkranz, J., and Widmer, G. (1994, January 10\u201313). Incremental reduced error pruning. Proceedings of the Machine Learning, Brunswick, NJ, USA.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50017-9"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, W.W. (1995, January 9\u201312). Fast effective rule induction. Proceedings of the Machine Learning, Tahoe City, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-377-6.50023-2"},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"John, R. (1993). Quinlan, C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random Forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, J., and Zhang, H. (2006, January 25\u201329). Full Bayesian network classifiers. Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Machine learning, New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/1143844.1143957"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1109\/72.788640","article-title":"An overview of statistical learning theory","volume":"10","author":"Vapnik","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00058655","article-title":"Bagging Predictors","volume":"24","author":"Breiman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schapire, R.E., and Freund, Y. (2012). Boosting: Foundations and Algorithms, MIT Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/8291.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Frank, M.H.E., Holmes, G., Reutemann, B.P.P., and Witten, I.H. (2017, October 20). The WEKA Data Mining Software: An Update. Available online: https:\/\/www.cs.waikato.ac.nz\/~eibe\/pubs\/weka_update.pdf."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/5\/1511\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:04:12Z","timestamp":1760195052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/5\/1511"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s18051511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18051511","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,11]]}}}