{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T22:05:06Z","timestamp":1778796306610,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]],"date-time":"2018-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents an analysis of measurements of the normalized radar cross-(NRCS) in Wave Mode for Chinese C-band Gaofen-3(GF-3) synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Based on 2779 images from GF-3 quad-polarization SAR in Wave Mode and collocated wind vectors from ERA-Interim, this experiment verifies the feasibility of using ocean surface wind fields and VV-polarized NRCS to perform normalized calibration. The method uses well-validated empirical C-band geophysical model function (CMOD4) to estimate the calibration constant for each beam. In addition, the relationship between cross-pol NRCS and wind vectors is discussed. The cross-pol NRCS increases linearly with wind speed and it is obviously modulated by the wind direction when the wind speed is greater than 8 m\/s. Furthermore, the properties of the polarization ratio, denoted PR, are also investigated. The PR is dependent on incidence angle and azimuth angle. Two empirical models of the PR are fitted, one as a function of incidence angle only, the other with additional dependence on azimuth angle. Assessments show that the     \u03c3  VV  0     retrieved from new PR models as well as     \u03c3  HH  0     is in good agreement with     \u03c3  VV  0     extracted from SAR images directly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]],"date-time":"2018-05-17T11:47:45Z","timestamp":1526557665000},"page":"1604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Preliminary Analysis of Wind Retrieval, Based on GF-3 Wave Mode Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application Systems, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application Systems, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinzhe","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application Systems, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chibiao","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application Systems, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Centre for Resource Satellite Data and Application, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Centre for Resource Satellite Data and Application, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2011.2158067","article-title":"Wind Speed Estimation Using Polarimetric RADARSAT-2 Images: Finding the Best Polarization and Polarization Ratio","volume":"4","author":"Bergeron","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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