{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T06:07:10Z","timestamp":1760854030341,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]],"date-time":"2018-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/N509231\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/N509231\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents the results of an attenuation model for remote depth estimation of buried radioactive wastes using a Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detector. Previous research using an organic liquid scintillator detector system showed that the model is able to estimate the depth of a 329-kBq Cs-137 radioactive source buried up to 12 cm in sand with an average count rate of 100 cps. The results presented in this paper showed that the use of the CZT detector extended the maximum detectable depth of the same radioactive source to 18 cm in sand with a significantly lower average count rate of 14 cps. Furthermore, the model also successfully estimated the depth of a 9-kBq Co-60 source buried up to 3 cm in sand. This confirms that this remote depth estimation method can be used with other radionuclides and wastes with very low activity. Finally, the paper proposes a performance parameter for evaluating radiation detection systems that implement this remote depth estimation method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]],"date-time":"2018-05-21T04:07:30Z","timestamp":1526875650000},"page":"1612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Model for Remote Depth Estimation of Buried Radioactive Wastes Using CdZnTe Detector"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7536-7777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikechukwu Kevin","family":"Ukaegbu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4832-3373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelum A. A.","family":"Gamage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Charles, M., Harrison, J., Darley, P., and Fell, T. (2005, January 12\u201317). Health implications of Dounreay fuel fragments: Estimates of doses and risks. Proceedings of the Seventh Internat ional Symposium of the Society for Radiological Protection, Cardiff, UK."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Wilkins, B.T., Harrison, J.D., Smith, K.R., Phipps, A.W., Bedwell, P., Etherington, G., Youngman, M., Fell, T.P., Charles, M.W., and Darley, P.J. (2006). Health Implications of Fragments of Irradiated Fuel at the Beach at Sandside Bay Module 6: Overall Results, Health Protection Agency. 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