{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T17:22:14Z","timestamp":1767979334750,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]],"date-time":"2018-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006537","name":"Campus France","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PROCOPE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROCOPE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A magnetic frequency mixing technique with a set of miniaturized planar coils was investigated for use with a completely integrated Lab-on-Chip (LoC) pathogen sensing system. The system allows the detection and quantification of superparamagnetic beads. Additionally, in terms of magnetic nanoparticle characterization ability, the system can be used for immunoassays using the beads as markers. Analytical calculations and simulations for both excitation and pick-up coils are presented; the goal was to investigate the miniaturization of simple and cost-effective planar spiral coils. Following these calculations, a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) prototype was designed, manufactured, and tested for limit of detection, linear response, and validation of theoretical concepts. Using the magnetic frequency mixing technique, a limit of detection of 15 \u00b5g\/mL of 20 nm core-sized nanoparticles was achieved without any shielding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18061747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,30]],"date-time":"2018-05-30T03:04:27Z","timestamp":1527649467000},"page":"1747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Magnetic Detection Structure for Lab-on-Chip Applications Based on the Frequency Mixing Technique"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Amine","family":"Rabehi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Electronique et d\u2019Electromagn\u00e9tisme, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, L2E, 75252 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Garlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Electronique et d\u2019Electromagn\u00e9tisme, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, L2E, 75252 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0666-912X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Achtsnicht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, 52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7526-9894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans-Joachim","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, 52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6143-2702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Offenh\u00e4usser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, 52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kieu","family":"Ngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Interfaces et Syst\u00e8mes \u00c9lectrochimiques, LISE, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, F 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Neveu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PHENIX, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, F 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7273-3930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Graff-Dubois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculte de Medecine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CIMI-PARIS, UMRS CR7-Inserm U1135-CNRS ERL 8255, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Kokabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Electronique et d\u2019Electromagn\u00e9tisme, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, L2E, 75252 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2011.01.007","article-title":"Point-of-care nucleic acid testing for infectious diseases","volume":"29","author":"Niemz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-010-0638-8","article-title":"Microfluidic-based biosensors toward point-of-care detection of nucleic acids and proteins","volume":"10","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microfluid. 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