{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T15:09:00Z","timestamp":1773155340337,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Nyquist Folding Receiver (NYFR) is a novel ultra-wideband (UWB) receiver structure that can realize wideband signal monitoring with fewer components. The NYFR induces a Nyquist zone (NZ)-dependent sinusoidal frequency modulation (SFM) by a modulated local oscillator (LOS), and the intercepted linear frequency modulated (LFM) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signal will be converted into an LFM\/SFM hybrid modulated signal. In this paper, a parameter estimation algorithm is proposed for the complicated NYFR output signal. According to the NYFR prior information, a chirp singular value ratio (CSVR) spectrum method based on singular value decomposition (SVD) is proposed to estimate the chirp rate directly before estimating the NZ index. Then, a fast search algorithm based on golden section method for the CSVR spectrum is analyzed, which can obviously reduce the computational complexity. The simulation shows that the presented algorithm can accurately estimate the parameters of the LFM\/SFM hybrid modulated output signal by the NYFR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18061768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T03:02:50Z","timestamp":1527822170000},"page":"1768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Parameter Estimation of SAR Signal Based on SVD for the Nyquist Folding Receiver"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zengping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casey, S.D., and Cohl, H.S. (2017, January 3\u20137). Sampling architectures for ultra-wideband signals. Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Sampling Theory and Applications (SampTA), Tallin, Estonia.","DOI":"10.1109\/SAMPTA.2017.8024452"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casey, S.D., and Cohl, H.S. (2015, January 25\u201329). UWB signal processing: Projection, B-splines, and modified Gegenbauer bases. Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Sampling Theory and Applications (SampTA), Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/SAMPTA.2015.7148840"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4719","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2011.2161472","article-title":"Xampling: Signal Acquisition and Processing in Union of Subspaces","volume":"59","author":"Mishali","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra, K.V., and Eldar, Y.C. (2017, January 5\u20139). Performance of time delay estimation in a cognitive radar. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), New Orleans, LA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2017.7952735"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1109\/JETCAS.2012.2223611","article-title":"Analog-to-information and the Nyquist folding receiver","volume":"2","author":"Maleh","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fudge, G.L., Bland, R.E., Chivers, M.A., Ravindran, S., Haupt, J., and Pace, P.E. (2008, January 26\u201329). A Nyquist folding analog-to-information receiver. Proceedings of the 2008 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Pacific Grove, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSSC.2008.5074464"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laska, J., Kirolos, S., Massoud, Y., Baraniuk, R., Gilbert, A., Iwen, M., and Strauss, M. (2006, January 29\u201330). Random Sampling for Analog-to-Information Conversion of Wideband Signals. Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Dallas\/CAS Workshop on Design, Applications, Integration and Software, Richardson, TX, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/DCAS.2006.321048"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2009.2034811","article-title":"Beyond Nyquist: Efficient Sampling of Sparse Bandlimited Signals","volume":"56","author":"Tropp","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra, K.V., and Eldar, Y.C. (2017, January 3\u20137). Sub-Nyquist Channel Estimation over IEEE 802.11ad Link. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sampling Theory and Applications (SampTA), Tallin, Estonia.","DOI":"10.1109\/SAMPTA.2017.8024419"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra, K.V., Kruger, A., and Krajewski, W.F. (2014, January 13\u201318). Compressed sensing applied to weather radar. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Quebec City, QC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2014.6946811"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Zou, Z., Su, S., and Chen, Z. (2015). Detection and parameter estimation for space-borne radar linear frequency modulated pulse signal in low signal-to-noise ratio. J. Appl. Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JRS.9.095057"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, K., Chen, S., and Tang, B. (2016). The RIP and block-RIP analysis of Nyquist folding receiver for recovering signals. Eurasip J. Adv. Signal Process., 92.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13634-016-0392-5"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, S., Jiang, K., Wu, S., Zhu, J., and Tang, B. (2016, January 23\u201325). The impact of NYFR\u2019s parameters on reconstruction. Proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET), Chennai, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/WiSPNET.2016.7566427"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, K., Zhu, J., and Tang, B. (2017). Spectral reconstruction of signals from periodic nonuniform subsampling based on a Nyquist folding scheme. Eurasip J. Adv. Signal Process., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13634-017-0458-z"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Odejide, O.O., Akujuobi, C.M., Annamalai, A., and Fudge, G. (2009, January 14\u201318). Application of analytic wavelet transform for signal detection in Nyquist folding analog-to-information receiver. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC \u201909), Dresden, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2009.5198754"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"69","article-title":"Parameter estimation of LFM signal intercepted by synchronous Nyquist folding receiver","volume":"23","author":"Zeng","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Aeronaut."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pace, P.E., Kusmanoff, A., and Fudge, G.L. (2009, January 1\u20134). Nyquist folding analog-to-information receiver: Autonomous information recovery using quadrature mirror filtering. Proceedings of the 2009 Conference Record of the Forty-Third Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Pacific Grove, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSSC.2009.5470156"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, T., Fan, X., Zhu, Q., and Chen, Z. (2017, January 6\u20139). Parameter estimation of LFM signals intercepted by a composite local oscillation SNYFR. Proceedings of the 2017 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS), Xiamen, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPACS.2017.8266510"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"175","article-title":"Fast Dechirp Algorithm","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Data Acquis. Process"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"688","article-title":"Parameter estimation approach for mlticomponent signals intercepted by synchronous Nyquist folding receiver using local periodic LFM signals","volume":"33","author":"Zeng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Aeronaut. Astronaut. Sin."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2018.0179","article-title":"Parameter estimation of LFM signal intercepted by improved dual-channel Nyquist folding receiver","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1109\/10.553712","article-title":"Fetal ECG extraction from single-channel maternal ECG using singular value decomposition","volume":"44","author":"Kanjilal","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s13634-016-0387-2","article-title":"A parameter estimation algorithm for LFM\/BPSK hybrid modulated signal intercepted by Nyquist folding receiver","volume":"2016","author":"Qiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eurasip J. Adv. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01397471","article-title":"Updating the singular value decomposition","volume":"31","author":"Bunch","year":"1978","journal-title":"Numerische Math."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Holmes, M.P., Gray, A.G., and Isbell, C.L. (2008, January 12\u201313). QUIC-SVD, Fast SVD using cosine trees. Proceedings of the Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, Vancouver, BC, Canada."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"2188","article-title":"Parameters estimation of LFM signals by interpolation based on FrFT","volume":"33","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"Syst. Eng. Electron."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/6\/1768\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:06:48Z","timestamp":1760195208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/6\/1768"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s18061768"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18061768","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]}}}