{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T19:01:34Z","timestamp":1778266894623,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003717","name":"Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-1-854-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-1-854-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003717","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An Optical Wide-field patroL-Network (OWL-Net) has been developed for maintaining Korean low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites\u2019 orbital ephemeris. The OWL-Net consists of five optical tracking stations. Brightness signals of reflected sunlight of the targets were detected by a charged coupled device (CCD). A chopper system was adopted for fast astrometric data sampling, maximum 50 Hz, within a short observation time. The astrometric accuracy of the optical observation data was validated with precise orbital ephemeris such as Consolidated Prediction File (CPF) data and precise orbit determination result with onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) data from the target satellite. In the optical observation simulation of the OWL-Net for 2017, an average observation span for a single arc of 11 LEO observation targets was about 5 min, while an average optical observation separation time was 5 h. We estimated the position and velocity with an atmospheric drag coefficient of LEO observation targets using a sequential-batch orbit estimation technique after multi-arc batch orbit estimation. Post-fit residuals for the multi-arc batch orbit estimation and sequential-batch orbit estimation were analyzed for the optical measurements and reference orbit (CPF and GPS data). The post-fit residuals with reference show few tens-of-meters errors for in-track direction for multi-arc batch and sequential-batch orbit estimation results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18061868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,8]],"date-time":"2018-06-08T03:13:18Z","timestamp":1528427598000},"page":"1868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Optical Tracking Data Validation and Orbit Estimation for Sparse Observations of Satellites by the OWL-Net"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2119-1956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Space Situational Awareness, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea"},{"name":"Astronomy and Space Science Department, University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1906-8075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung Hyun","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Space Situational Awareness, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea"},{"name":"Astronomy and Space Science Department, University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hong-Suh","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Space Situational Awareness, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea"}]},{"given":"Eun-Jung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Space Situational Awareness, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea"}]},{"given":"Sungki","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Space Situational Awareness, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea"}]},{"given":"Jang-Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Space Situational Awareness, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2018, April 20). 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