{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:00:16Z","timestamp":1760241616745,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,22]],"date-time":"2018-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Standard computer vision methods are usually based on powerful contact-less measurement approaches but applications, especially at the micro-scale, are restricted by finite depth-of-field and fixed working distance of imaging devices. Digital holography is a lensless, indirect imaging method recording the optical wave diffracted by the object onto the image sensor. The object is reconstructed numerically by propagating the recorded wavefront backward. The object distance becomes a computation parameter that can be chosen arbitrarily and adjusted to match the object position. No refractive lens is used and usual depth-of-field and working distance limitations are replaced by less restrictive ones tied to the laser-source coherence-length and to the size and resolution of the camera sensor. This paper applies digital holography to artificial visual in-plane position sensing with an extra-large range-to-resolution ratio. The object is made of a pseudoperiodic pattern allowing a subpixel resolution as well as a supra field-of-observation displacement range. We demonstrate an in-plane resolution of 50 nm and 0.002deg. in X, Y and \u03b8 respectively, over a working distance range of more than 15 cm. The allowed workspace extends over 12\u00d710\u00d7150mm3. Digital holography extends the field of application of computer vision by allowing an extra-large range of working distances inaccessible to refractive imaging systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,22]],"date-time":"2018-06-22T10:56:28Z","timestamp":1529664988000},"page":"2005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Digital Holography as Computer Vision Position Sensor with an Extended Range of Working Distances"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9007-1694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Asmad Vergara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FEMTO-ST Institute, Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9, CNRS, 25000 Besan\u00e7on, France"},{"name":"Secci\u00f3n F\u00edsica, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa, Apartado 1761, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0285-204X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxime","family":"Jacquot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FEMTO-ST Institute, Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9, CNRS, 25000 Besan\u00e7on, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3586-4696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Laurent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FEMTO-ST Institute, Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9, CNRS, 25000 Besan\u00e7on, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3570-6196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Sandoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FEMTO-ST Institute, Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9, CNRS, 25000 Besan\u00e7on, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2015.08.006","article-title":"Design of MEMS Vision Tracking System Based on a Micro Fiducial Marker","volume":"234","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sens. 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