{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T17:02:17Z","timestamp":1782406937123,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,22]],"date-time":"2018-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Science Foundation of China","award":["91538201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91538201"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The geostationary remote sensing satellite has the capability of wide scanning, persistent observation and operational response, and has tremendous potential for maritime target surveillance. The GF-4 satellite is the first geostationary orbit (GEO) optical remote sensing satellite with medium resolution in China. In this paper, a novel ship-tracking method in GF-4 satellite sequential imagery is proposed. The algorithm has three stages. First, a local visual saliency map based on local peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is used to detect ships in a single frame of GF-4 satellite sequential images. Second, the accuracy positioning of each potential target is realized by a dynamic correction using the rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs) and automatic identification system (AIS) data of ships. Finally, an improved multiple hypotheses tracking (MHT) algorithm with amplitude information is used to track ships by further removing the false targets, and to estimate ships\u2019 motion parameters. The algorithm has been tested using GF-4 sequential images and AIS data. The results of the experiment demonstrate that the algorithm achieves good tracking performance in GF-4 satellite sequential images and estimates the motion information of ships accurately.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,22]],"date-time":"2018-06-22T10:56:28Z","timestamp":1529664988000},"page":"2007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["A Novel Ship-Tracking Method for GF-4 Satellite Sequential Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Libo","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Information Fusion, Naval Aviation University, Yantai 264001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Information Fusion, Naval Aviation University, Yantai 264001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Continuous observation oriented application mode design and analysis for geostationary-orbit high-resolution optical imaging satellites","volume":"34","author":"Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Image Sci. 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