{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T15:13:38Z","timestamp":1778771618665,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,22]],"date-time":"2018-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"chief science office","award":["Chief Science Office, Scotland award (CSO): CGA\/17\/29"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Chief Science Office, Scotland award (CSO): CGA\/17\/29"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["University of Glasgow Centre of Excellence Award RE\/13\/5\/30177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["University of Glasgow Centre of Excellence Award RE\/13\/5\/30177"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in Western society. Recent technological advances have opened the opportunity of developing new and innovative smart stent devices that have advanced electrical properties that can improve diagnosis and even treatment of previously intractable conditions, such as central line access failure, atherosclerosis and reporting on vascular grafts for renal dialysis. Here we review the latest advances in the field of cardiovascular medical implants, providing a broad overview of the application of their use in the context of cardiovascular disease rather than an in-depth analysis of the current state of the art. We cover their powering, communication and the challenges faced in their fabrication. We focus specifically on those devices required to maintain vascular access such as ones used to treat arterial disease, a major source of heart attacks and strokes. We look forward to advances in these technologies in the future and their implementation to improve the human condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,22]],"date-time":"2018-06-22T10:56:28Z","timestamp":1529664988000},"page":"2008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Future of Smart Cardiovascular Implants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Anubhav","family":"Bussooa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering James Watt South Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"},{"name":"BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Neale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering James Watt South Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3204-7511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John R.","family":"Mercer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fomundam, L., Member, S., and Lin, J. 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