{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T15:12:29Z","timestamp":1776784349855,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,22]],"date-time":"2018-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008736","name":"Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA12I 1371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA12I 1371"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008736","name":"Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IT16M10029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT16M10029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3170897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3170897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we report on spectral features emitted by a reaction shaft occurring in flash smelting of copper concentrates containing sulfide copper minerals such as chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), bornite (Cu5FeS4) and pyrite (FeS2). Different combustion conditions are addressed, such as sulfur-copper ratio and oxygen excess. Temperature and spectral emissivity features are estimated for each case by using the two wavelength method and radiometric models. The most relevant results have shown an increasing intensity behavior for higher sulfur-copper ratios and oxygen contents, where emissivity is almost constant along the visible spectrum range for all cases, which validates the gray body assumption. CuO and FeO emission line features along the visible spectrum appear to be a sensing alternative for describing the combustion reactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,22]],"date-time":"2018-06-22T10:56:28Z","timestamp":1529664988000},"page":"2009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Flash Smelting Copper Concentrates Spectral Emission Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3808-7108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Arias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n, CCP 4070386, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n, CCP 4070386, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0304-4343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Toro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metallurgical Engineering Department, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n, CCP 4070386, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Balladares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metallurgical Engineering Department, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n, CCP 4070386, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0567-0188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metallurgical Engineering Department, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n, CCP 4070386, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Loeza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metallurgical Engineering Department, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n, CCP 4070386, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilo","family":"Villagr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metallurgical Engineering Department, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n, CCP 4070386, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n, CCP 4070386, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-1285(01)00009-0","article-title":"Combustion control and sensors: A review","volume":"28","author":"Docquier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog. 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