{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T18:37:46Z","timestamp":1764700666968,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61371171, 11374072, 61501061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61371171, 11374072, 61501061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Open Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Underwater Acoustic Antagonizing","award":["SSDKKFJJ-2017-02, Research on Surface and Underwater Target Resolution Using Two-Dimensional Vector Sensor and Array"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SSDKKFJJ-2017-02, Research on Surface and Underwater Target Resolution Using Two-Dimensional Vector Sensor and Array"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, based on the reactive component of the vertical intensity, the method for target depth resolution has been improved. In the previous existing research results, using the reactive component of vertical intensity, the research objects for target depth resolution in shallow water, can only be the targets whose frequencies can only excite the first two normal modes, and the depth of targets whose frequencies excite more than two normal modes cannot be correctly identified. The basic idea of the improved method is to classify targets on the foundation of the lower-mode correlation quantity of the vertical intensity. Based on the improved method, we can realize depth resolution of the targets whose frequency can excite the first three normal modes so as to effectively expand the working band useful for target depth resolution. Finally, we can realize the three-dimensional target depth resolution so as to distinguish the aerial, surface and underwater targets. The feasibility of the algorithm is verified by simulation and experimental data processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T10:53:33Z","timestamp":1530183213000},"page":"2073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Application and Extension of Vertical Intensity Lower-Mode in Methods for Target Depth-Resolution with a Single-Vector Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Anbang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security, Harbin Engineering University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Underwater Acoustic Antagonizing, China State Shipbuilding Corporation Systems Engineering Research Institute, Beijing 100036, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuejie","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security, Harbin Engineering University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security, Harbin Engineering University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caigao","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security, Harbin Engineering University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security, Harbin Engineering University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3463","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4876180","article-title":"Particle velocity gradient based acoustic mode beamforming for short linear vector sensor arrays","volume":"135","author":"Gur","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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