{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:44:38Z","timestamp":1760197478503,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]],"date-time":"2018-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Funder:  61771066, 501 61561014, 61629101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Funder:  61771066, 501 61561014, 61629101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"2017 Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information 502 Processing, Ministry of Education (Guilin University of Electronic Technology)","award":["CRKL170202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRKL170202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, two-to-one energy and spectrum dual-cooperation (ESDC) is investigated for cognitive cooperation networks. Specifically, the energy and spectrum of two primary users (PUs) are both transferred or authorized to one multi-antenna secondary user (SU) in exchange for its aid in the signal relaying to guarantee the successful data transmission, whilst the SU, which originally owns no spectrum access privilege and limited energy storage, is also able to concurrently transmit its own data through spatial multiplexing. Moreover, network-coding is also adopted to further compress the data size and hence reduce the power consumption at SU. The formulated problem for the aforementioned two-to-one ESDC model is non-convex and intractable to solve directly. To solve the problem effectively, the Lagrangian dual methods plus fixed-point iteration methods and semidefinite relation methods are employed, and the optimal solution could be achieved through iterative optimization. Simulation results show that, compared with the traditional spectrum-only cooperation, the proposed two-to-one ESDC paradigms can greatly improve the successful transmission probability for PUs and achievable transmission rate for SU. Meanwhile, the proposed two-to-one dual-cooperation modes are significantly superior to the one-to-one cooperation mode, in terms of spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]],"date-time":"2018-06-29T10:51:50Z","timestamp":1530269510000},"page":"2085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Enhanced Paradigm for Cognitive Cooperation Networks: Two-to-One Energy and Spectrum Dual-Cooperation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8350-5391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Integrated Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Satellite Information Engineering, Beijing 100095, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8767-4742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory ofWireless Wideband Communication and Signal Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9561-4085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Integrated Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Satellite Information Engineering, Beijing 100095, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongbing","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory ofWireless Wideband Communication and Signal Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6815898","article-title":"An energy efficient and spectrum efficient wireless heterogeneous network framework for 5G systems","volume":"52","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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