{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:33:50Z","timestamp":1781714030493,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]],"date-time":"2018-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Energy efficiency is the key requirement to maximize sensor node lifetime. Sensor nodes are typically powered by a battery source that has finite lifetime. Most Internet of Thing (IoT) applications require sensor nodes to operate reliably for an extended period of time. To design an autonomous sensor node, it is important to model its energy consumption for different tasks. Each task consumes a power consumption amount for a period of time. To optimize the consumed energy of the sensor node and have long communication range, Low Power Wide Area Network technology is considered. This paper describes an energy consumption model based on LoRa and LoRaWAN, which allows estimating the consumed power of each sensor node element. The definition of the different node units is first introduced. Then, a full energy model for communicating sensors is proposed. This model can be used to compare different LoRaWAN modes to find the best sensor node design to achieve its energy autonomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,2]],"date-time":"2018-07-02T10:56:52Z","timestamp":1530529012000},"page":"2104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":323,"title":["Energy Consumption Model for Sensor Nodes Based on LoRa and LoRaWAN"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Taoufik","family":"Bouguera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bretagne Loire, Polytech Nantes, IETR, 44300 Nantes, France"},{"name":"CEA Leti\/Tech, MINATEC Campus, 38054 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Diouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bretagne Loire, Polytech Nantes, IETR, 44300 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Jacques","family":"Chaillout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEA Leti\/Tech, MINATEC Campus, 38054 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randa","family":"Jaouadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Angers, IUT Angers, LARIS, 49035 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3545-0963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Andrieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bretagne Loire, Polytech Nantes, IETR, 44300 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proche.2009.07.298","article-title":"Energy Model for the Design of Ultra-Low Power Nodes for Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"1","author":"Terrassona","year":"2009","journal-title":"Procedia Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Moises, N.O., Arturo, G., Mickael, M., and Andrzej, D. 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