{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T16:20:43Z","timestamp":1777738843570,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1704146, U1704255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1704146, U1704255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province of China","award":["162300410113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["162300410113"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundation for Youth Scholars of Higher Education of Henan Province","award":["2017GGJS053, 2016GGJS-040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017GGJS053, 2016GGJS-040"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Henan Province","award":["NSFRF170201, NSFRF1606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFRF170201, NSFRF1606"]}]},{"name":"Program for Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China","award":["IRT-16R22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRT-16R22"]}]},{"name":"Program for Innovative Research Team of Henan Polytechnic University","award":["T2018-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2018-2"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Distinguished Young Scientists of Henan Polytechnic University","award":["J2016-2, J2017-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J2016-2, J2017-3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The g-C3N4 decorated magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) porous microspheres composites were successfully obtained via a one-step solvothermal method. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared MgFe2O4\/g-C3N4 composites were characterized by the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravity and differential scanning calorimeter (TG\u2013DSC) and N2-sorption. The gas sensing properties of the samples were measured and compared with a pure MgFe2O4-based sensor. The maximum response of the sensor based on MgFe2O4\/g-C3N4 composites with 10 wt % g-C3N4 content to acetone is improved by about 145 times, while the optimum temperature was lowered by 60 \u00b0C. Moreover, the sensing mechanism and the reason for improving gas sensing performance were also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]],"date-time":"2018-07-10T10:01:46Z","timestamp":1531216906000},"page":"2211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Highly Sensitive Acetone Gas Sensor Based on g-C3N4 Decorated MgFe2O4 Porous Microspheres Composites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Run","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Collaboration Innovation Center of Coal Safety Production of Henan Province, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"},{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6671-4661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Collaboration Innovation Center of Coal Safety Production of Henan Province, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Bases for Gas Geology and Gas Control, Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhanying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Bases for Gas Geology and Gas Control, Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3570-5185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianliang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Collaboration Innovation Center of Coal Safety Production of Henan Province, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"},{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.08.102","article-title":"Organic solvent pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuels and biochemicals: A review","volume":"199","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.01.072","article-title":"Prussian blue analogue derived porous NiFe2O4 nanotubes for low-concentration acetone sensing at low working temperature","volume":"338","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo4020465","article-title":"Breath analysis in disease diagnosis: Methodological considerations and applications","volume":"4","author":"Turner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2009.06.039","article-title":"Breath acetone analysis with miniaturized sample preparation device: In-needle preconcentration and subsequent determination by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectroscopy","volume":"877","author":"Ueta","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2017.12.068","article-title":"Facile synthesis of ZnFe2O4\/\u03b1-Fe2O3 porous microrods with enhanced tea-sensing performance","volume":"737","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.09.114","article-title":"Continuously improved gas-sensing performance of SnO2\/Zn2SnO4 porous cubes by structure evolution and further NIO decoration","volume":"255","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.05.028","article-title":"Bimetallic Pt\u2013Au nanocatalysts decorated In2O3 nests composed of ultrathin nanosheets for Type 1 diabetes diagnosis","volume":"270","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s12647-017-0233-5","article-title":"Tungsten Oxide Thin Film Characterizations for Acetone Gas Detection","volume":"33","author":"Sachdeva","year":"2018","journal-title":"MAPAN"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.08.158","article-title":"Fully gravure-printed WO3\/Pt-decorated rGO nanosheets composite film for detection of acetone","volume":"255","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185705","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/19\/18\/185705","article-title":"The template-free synthesis of square-shaped SnO2 nanowires: The temperature effect and acetone gas sensors","volume":"19","author":"Qin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2008.01.031","article-title":"Sensitive and selective acetone sensor based on its cataluminescence from nano-La2O3 surface","volume":"132","author":"Tang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9765","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b17669","article-title":"Metal\u2212Organic Frameworks-Derived Hierarchical Co3O4 Structures as Efficient Sensing Materials for Acetone Detection","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.04.007","article-title":"Acetone sensing of ZnO nanosheets synthesized using room-temperature precipitation","volume":"249","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11178","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-018-9203-0","article-title":"Ultra-sensitive and selective acetone gas sensor with fast response at low temperature based on Cu-doped \u03b1-Fe2O3 porous nanotubes","volume":"29","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02241.x","article-title":"Structure of spinel","volume":"82","author":"Sickafus","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2004.11.026","article-title":"Simple synthesis of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles as gas sensing materials","volume":"107","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2009.08.103","article-title":"Gas sensing properties of magnesium ferrite prepared by co-precipitation method","volume":"488","author":"Hankare","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"025032","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/aa5ec7","article-title":"Magnesium ferrite nanoparticles: A rapid gas sensor for alcohol","volume":"4","author":"Godbole","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Express"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2017.11.009","article-title":"Spinel MgFe2O4 thick films: A colloidal approach for developing gas sensors","volume":"213","author":"Patil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2017.12.129","article-title":"Rgo\/CoTiO3 nanocomposite with enhanced gas sensing performance at low working temperature","volume":"739","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassan, M., Wang, Z.H., Huang, W.R., Li, M.Q., Liu, J.W., and Chen, J.F. (2017). Ultrathin tungsten oxide nanowires\/reduced graphene oxide composites for toluene sensing. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17102245"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2018.01.107","article-title":"In situ decoration of Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide for high performance ethanol sensor","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2016.05.052","article-title":"Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanocomposites: A new and exciting generation of visible light driven photocatalysts for environmental pollution remediation","volume":"198","author":"Mamba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.08.082","article-title":"Dielectric barrier discharge plasma-assisted fabrication of g-C3N4-Mn3O4 composite for high-performance cataluminescence H2S gas sensor","volume":"239","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gong, Y., Wang, Y., Sun, G., Jia, T., Jia, L., Zhang, F., Lin, L., Zhang, B., Cao, J., and Zhang, Z. (2018). Carbon nitride decorated ball-flower like Co3O4 hybrid composite: Hydrothermal synthesis and ethanol gas sensing application. Nanomaterials, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano8030132"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58226","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA09841B","article-title":"Highly photoactive heterojunction based on g-C3N4 nanosheets decorated with dendritic zinc(ii) phthalocyanine through axial coordination and its ultrasensitive enzyme-free sensing of choline","volume":"4","author":"Dai","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2016.05.056","article-title":"Enhancement of g-C3N4 nanosheets photocatalysis by synergistic interaction of ZnS microsphere and rGO inducing multistep charge transfer","volume":"198","author":"Shao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25504","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA01901G","article-title":"Synthesis of g-C3N4 nanosheet modified SnO2 composites with improved performance for ethanol gas sensing","volume":"7","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.06.176","article-title":"One-step synthesis of 2D C3N4-tin oxide gas sensors for enhanced acetone vapor detection","volume":"253","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2017.03.143","article-title":"Cocoon-like ZnO decorated graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite: Hydrothermal synthesis and ethanol gas sensing application","volume":"198","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, J., Qin, C., Wang, Y., Zhang, B., Gong, Y., Zhang, H., Sun, G., Bala, H., and Zhang, Z. (2017). Calcination method synthesis of SnO2\/g-C3N4 composites for a high-performance ethanol gas sensing application. Nanomaterials, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano7050098"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2016.09.030","article-title":"Preparation and comparison of catalytic performance for nano MgFe2O4, go-loaded MgFe2O4 and go-coated MgFe2O4 nanocomposites","volume":"42","author":"Zu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.81.205406","article-title":"High-capacity hydrogen storage in al-adsorbed graphene","volume":"81","author":"Ao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.07.023","article-title":"Fabrication of ultra-high sensitive and selective CH4, room temperature gas sensing of TiO2 nanorods: Detailed study on the annealing temperature","volume":"238","author":"Tshabalala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1021\/jp065963k","article-title":"Size dependence of gas sensitivity of ZnO nanorods","volume":"111","author":"Liao","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"084501","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5011671","article-title":"Multi-layered zinc oxide-graphene composite thin films for selective nitrogen dioxide sensing","volume":"123","author":"Ghosh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/7\/2211\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:11:18Z","timestamp":1760195478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/7\/2211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s18072211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18072211","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,10]]}}}