{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:01:35Z","timestamp":1760241695376,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,13]],"date-time":"2018-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006360","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Energie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03ET7522B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03ET7522B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007216","name":"Erlangen Graduate School of Advanced Optical Technologies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAOT Young Researcher Award 2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAOT Young Researcher Award 2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007216","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We propose an efficient model-based signal processing approach for optical fiber sensing with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) arrays. A position estimation based on an estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) and a reflectivity estimation method using a parametric transfer matrix model (TMM) are outlined in detail. The estimation algorithms are evaluated with Monte Carlo simulations and measurement data from an incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometer (iOFDR). The model-based approach outperforms conventional Fourier transform processing, especially near the spatial resolution limit, saving electrical bandwidth and measurement time. The models provide great flexibility and can be easily expanded in complexity to meet different topologies and to include prior knowledge of the sensors. Systematic errors due to crosstalk between gratings caused by multiple reflections and spectral shadowing could be further considered with the TMM to improve the performance of large-scale FBG array sensor systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]],"date-time":"2018-07-16T04:05:33Z","timestamp":1531713933000},"page":"2268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Model-Based Position and Reflectivity Estimation of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Arrays"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2197-048X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Werzinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microwaves and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen N\u00fcrnberg, Cauerstr. 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4182-7488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darko","family":"Zibar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark"},{"name":"Graduate School of Advanced Optical Studies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3105-8016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max","family":"K\u00f6ppel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microwaves and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen N\u00fcrnberg, Cauerstr. 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Graduate School of Advanced Optical Studies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6615-370X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Schmauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microwaves and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen N\u00fcrnberg, Cauerstr. 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Graduate School of Advanced Optical Studies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ding, Z., Wang, C., Liu, K., Jiang, J., Yang, D., Pan, G., Pu, Z., and Liu, T. 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