{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T12:16:08Z","timestamp":1767183368997,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,14]],"date-time":"2018-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51708520","51608493"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51708520","51608493"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Director Foundation of Institute of seismology, China Earthquake Administration","award":["IS201626258","IS201626268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IS201626258","IS201626268"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China","award":["2017CFB509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017CFB509"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Threaded pipe connections are commonly used in the oil and gas industry in particular to connect casting strings, drill pipe strings, production and transportation risers, and pipelines. As the most critical components in the entire chain, maintaining a sealed and secure connection while being subjected to environmental loads and pollution is very important and necessary to reduce potential leakage risk and guarantee the safety of the entire chain. In this paper, an effective approach using time reversal technique and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer was developed to monitor the looseness of the threaded pipe connection. Two threaded pipeline segments connected with a metal coupling were assembled to simulate the threaded connection in the pipeline system. Two PZT patches were mounted on the surface of one pipeline segment and the pipe coupling, respectively. By loosening the threaded connection with different rotation angles, several looseness scenarios were experimentally investigated. For each looseness condition, the developed time reversal-based approach was performed and the corresponding response signal was acquired and analyzed. The experimental results demonstrate that the peak value of the focused signal detected by the PZT sensor decreases with the increase of the looseness degree. The entire test conducted from tightened connection to loosened connection was repeated eight times to validate the repeatability of the developed method and the consistency of the detection results. In addition, the reliability of the developed method was studied by involving high disturbances when the signal was measured. All the test results show that the developed method has a great potential to be employed in practical applications for monitoring the looseness condition of the threaded pipe connection, especially in an environment with severe noises and disturbances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]],"date-time":"2018-07-16T04:05:33Z","timestamp":1531713933000},"page":"2280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Loosening Monitoring of the Threaded Pipe Connection Using Time Reversal Technique and Piezoceramic Transducers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yabin","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Earthquake Early Warning, Institute of Seismology, CEA, Wuhan 430071, China"},{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Earthquake Engineering Co. Ltd., Wuhan 430071, China"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Earthquake Early Warning, Institute of Seismology, CEA, Wuhan 430071, China"},{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Earthquake Engineering Co. Ltd., Wuhan 430071, China"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Van Wittenberghe, J. (2011). Experimental Analysis and Modelling of the Fatigue Behaviour of Threaded Pipe Connections. [Ph.D. Thesis, Ghent University]."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"182","article-title":"Fatigue investigation of threaded pipe connections","volume":"1","author":"Ost","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sustain. Constr. 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