{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T02:16:49Z","timestamp":1776133009646,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]],"date-time":"2018-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51705093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51705093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou","award":["201707010332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201707010332"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Municipal University research projects","award":["1201610315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1201610315"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Municipal University research projects","award":["1201610013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1201610013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we examined the use of a dynamic micro-tapered hole as a micro-scale tapered flow tube valveless piezoelectric pump. Firstly, we obtained photographs of a micro-tapered hole by using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). Then, we explained the pump effect of the micro-tapered hole, and derived the atomization rate equation. Furthermore, we reported an atomization rate measurement experiment that eliminated the atomization caused by a pressure increase, and demonstrated that a change in the volume of a micro-tapered hole could produce atomization. The experimental results indicate that, under the same voltage, the forward atomization rate is much higher than the reverse atomization rate and that the atomization rate increases with the micro-tapered hole volume. The experimental results show that the atomization of the micro-tapered aperture atomizer is caused by its pumping effect. Moreover, the flow resistance and volume of the micro-tapered hole can affect the atomization rate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]],"date-time":"2018-07-18T08:45:42Z","timestamp":1531903542000},"page":"2311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Experimental Verification of the Pumping Effect Caused by the Micro-Tapered Hole in a Piezoelectric Atomizer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jianhui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiufeng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuanyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-4247(00)00400-3","article-title":"Characterisation of a fL droplet generator for inhalation drug therapy","volume":"85","author":"Bo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sens. 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