{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T10:08:22Z","timestamp":1768471702962,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]],"date-time":"2018-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Data aggregation is a widely adopted method to effectively reduce the data transmission volume and improve the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In the data aggregation networks, some parameters directly determine the delay of aggregation. In industrial applications, the data generated by different sensors have different requirements for delay or other QoS performance. In the previous study, a common strategy is that all kinds of data is aggregated into one frame when the condition is satisfied with a QoS requirement, which causes excessive energy consumption and severely impairs the lifetime of network. A Differentiated Data Aggregation Routing (DDAR) scheme is proposed to reduce energy consumption and guarantee that the delay could be controlled within the corresponding QoS requirement constraint. The primary contributions of the DDAR scheme are the following: (a) The DDAR scheme makes data with different QoS requirement route to the sink along the different paths. The parameters of the aggregators in each path, such as aggregation deadline (Tt) and the aggregation threshold (Nt), are configured according to the QoS requirements. Accordingly, energy consumption can be reduced without degrading the performance of data transmission. (b) Based on DDAR scheme, an improved DDAR scheme is proposed to further improve performance through fully utilize the residual energy in the nodes which are far from the sink. The frequency of aggregation of these nodes increases by reducing the value of Tt and Nt so as to further improve the energy efficiency and reduce delay. Simulation results demonstrate that compared with the previous scheme, this scheme reduces the delay by 25.01%, improves the lifetime by 55.45%, and increases energy efficiency by 83.99%. The improved DDAR scheme improves the energy efficiency by 33.97% and service guarantee rate by 10.11%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T02:10:11Z","timestamp":1532052611000},"page":"2349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Differentiated Data Aggregation Routing Scheme for Energy Conserving and Delay Sensitive Wireless Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xujing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Informatics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mande","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5190-4761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"},{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0394-4635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neal N.","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, OK 74464, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute, Changsha 410007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wan","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute, Changsha 410007, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2017.1600072WC","article-title":"Sleep scheduling in industrial wireless sensor networks for toxic gas monitoring","volume":"24","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. 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