{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:04:17Z","timestamp":1761541457949,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TEC2013-46242-C3-1-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TEC2013-46242-C3-1-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes a new yet efficient method allowing a significant improvement in the on-line analysis of biological cell growing and evolution. The procedure is based on an empirical-mathematical approach for calibration and fitting of any cell-electrode electrical model. It is valid and can be extrapolated for any type of cellular line used in electrical cell-substrate impedance spectroscopy (ECIS) tests. Parameters of the bioimpedance model, acquired from ECIS experiments, vary for each cell line, which makes obtaining results difficult and\u2014to some extent-renders them inaccurate. We propose a fitting method based on the cell line initial characterization, and carry out subsequent experiments with the same line to approach the percentage of well filling and the cell density (or cell number in the well). To perform our calibration technique, the so-called oscillation-based test (OBT) approach is employed for each cell density. Calibration results are validated by performing other experiments with different concentrations on the same cell line with the same measurement technique. Accordingly, a bioimpedance electrical model of each cell line is determined, which is valid for any further experiment and leading to a more precise electrical model of the electrode-cell system. Furthermore, the model parameters calculated can be also used by any other measurement techniques. Promising experimental outcomes for three different cell-lines have been achieved, supporting the usefulness of this technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T02:10:11Z","timestamp":1532052611000},"page":"2354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["An Empirical-Mathematical Approach for Calibration and Fitting Cell-Electrode Electrical Models in Bioimpedance Tests"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Juan A.","family":"Serrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Av. Am\u00e9rico Vespucio, 28, 41092 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Huertas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Av. Am\u00e9rico Vespucio, 28, 41092 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de F\u00edsica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, SN, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Maldonado-Jacobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Av. Am\u00e9rico Vespucio, 28, 41092 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6388-4462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Olmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Av. Am\u00e9rico Vespucio, 28, 41092 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, SN, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Av. Am\u00e9rico Vespucio, 28, 41092 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, SN, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda E.","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular, Facultad de Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, SN, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Daza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular, Facultad de Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, SN, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1814-6089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Y\u00fafera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Av. Am\u00e9rico Vespucio, 28, 41092 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, SN, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10895","DOI":"10.3390\/s140610895","article-title":"The Theory and Fundamentals of Bioimpedance Analysis in Clinical Status Monitoring and Diagnosis of Diseases","volume":"14","author":"Khalil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, Y.-Y., Huang, J.-J., and Cheng, K.-S. (2009, January 4\u20136). The design of electrode-array for monitoring the cellular bioimpedance. 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