{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T20:33:43Z","timestamp":1767299623096,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/K031910\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/K031910\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UK Medical Research Council Momentum Awards","award":["MC-PC-16029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC-PC-16029"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Delivering effortless interactions and appropriate interventions through pervasive systems requires making sense of multiple streams of sensor data. This is particularly challenging when these concern people\u2019s natural behaviours in the real world. This paper takes a multidisciplinary perspective of annotation and draws on an exploratory study of 12 people, who were encouraged to use a multi-modal annotation app while living in a prototype smart home. Analysis of the app usage data and of semi-structured interviews with the participants revealed strengths and limitations regarding self-annotation in a naturalistic context. Handing control of the annotation process to research participants enabled them to reason about their own data, while generating accounts that were appropriate and acceptable to them. Self-annotation provided participants an opportunity to reflect on themselves and their routines, but it was also a means to express themselves freely and sometimes even a backchannel to communicate playfully with the researchers. However, self-annotation may not be an effective way to capture accurate start and finish times for activities, or location associated with activity information. This paper offers new insights and recommendations for the design of self-annotation tools for deployment in the real world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,23]],"date-time":"2018-07-23T03:24:27Z","timestamp":1532316267000},"page":"2365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Talk, Text, Tag? Understanding Self-Annotation of Smart Home Data from a User\u2019s Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7405-4982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma L.","family":"Tonkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8899-7786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison","family":"Burrows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8905-8337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Przemys\u0142aw R.","family":"Woznowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawel","family":"Laskowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6428-1062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina Y.","family":"Yordanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3225-2654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niall","family":"Twomey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian J.","family":"Craddock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wait, S., and Harding, E. 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