{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T16:03:20Z","timestamp":1780502600588,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]],"date-time":"2018-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003176","name":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n, Cultura y Deporte","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FPU13\/02734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU13\/02734"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003176","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TEC2015-67642-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TEC2015-67642-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tactile sensors can be used to build human-machine interfaces, for instance in isometric joysticks or handlebars. When used as input sensor device for control, questions arise related to the contact with the human, which involve ergonomic aspects. This paper focuses on the example application of driving a powered wheelchair as attendant. Since other proposals use force and torque sensors as control input variables, this paper explores the relationship between these variables and others obtained from the tactile sensor. For this purpose, a handlebar is instrumented with tactile sensors and a 6-axis force torque sensor. Several experiments are carried out with this handlebar mounted on a wheelchair and also fixed to a table. It is seen that it is possible to obtain variables well correlated with those provided by force and torque sensors. However, it is necessary to contemplate the influence of issues such as the gripping force of the human hand on the sensor or the different kinds of grasps due to different physical constitutions of humans and to the inherent random nature of the grasp. Moreover, it is seen that a first step is necessary where the contact with the hands has to stabilize, and its characteristics and settle time are obtained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]],"date-time":"2018-07-30T11:55:08Z","timestamp":1532951708000},"page":"2471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Assistive Handlebar Based on Tactile Sensors: Control Inputs and Human Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4798-1777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Trujillo-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Institute of Biomedical Research of M\u00e1laga (IBIMA), University of M\u00e1laga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8120-1124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael","family":"Bachta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut des Syst\u00e8mes Intelligents et de Robotique UMR 7222 CNRS, ERL INSERM U1150 Agathe, 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7167-2651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juli\u00e1n","family":"Castellanos-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Institute of Biomedical Research of M\u00e1laga (IBIMA), University of M\u00e1laga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5459-8306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Vidal-Verd\u00fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Institute of Biomedical Research of M\u00e1laga (IBIMA), University of M\u00e1laga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Goll\u00ebr, M., Kerscher, T., Ziegenmeyer, M., R\u00f6nnau, A., Z\u00f6llner, J., and Dillman, R. 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