{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:47:43Z","timestamp":1761896863133,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of the B\u00edo-B\u00edo, Concepci\u00f3n, Chile","award":["DIUBB GI 160210\/EF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DIUBB GI 160210\/EF"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["408782\/2017-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408782\/2017-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/22881-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/22881-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/18785-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/18785-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes a new communication protocol for output-feedback control through multi-hop Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The protocol is based on a Hop-by-Hop transport scheme and is especially devised to simultaneously fulfill two conflicting criteria: the network energy consumption and the stability\/performance (in terms of H\u221e norm) of the closed-loop system. The proposed protocol can be implemented by means of three heuristics, basically using distinct rules to control the maximum number of retransmissions allowed in terms of the voltage level of the batteries of the network nodes. As another contribution, a Markov jump based representation is proposed to model the packet loss in the communication channel, giving rise to a systematic procedure to determine the transition probability matrix and the Markov chain operation modes of a network with multiple information sources. The synthesis of the output-feedback controller is made in two steps (observer filter plus a state-feedback controller) for the Markov model assuming partial availability of the operation modes. The efficiency and applicability of the communication protocol is illustrated by means of a numerical experiment, based on a physical model of a coupled tanks plant. The features of each heuristic of implementation of the proposed protocol are presented in the numerical comparisons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T11:20:23Z","timestamp":1533640823000},"page":"2590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Protocol for Energy-Efficiency in Networked Control Systems Based on WSN"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3924-1907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Palma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas\u2014UNICAMP Campinas, 13083-852 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2793-5880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Duran-Faundez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of the B\u00edo-B\u00edo, Concepci\u00f3n 4081112, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2910-5140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"De P. Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Automa\u00e7\u00e3o e Controle, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014USP, 05508-900 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9994-0339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cec\u00edlia F.","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas\u2014UNICAMP Campinas, 13083-852 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8225-7058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"C. L. F. Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas\u2014UNICAMP Campinas, 13083-852 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0638-5485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of the B\u00edo-B\u00edo, Concepci\u00f3n 4081112, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2798-8421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of the B\u00edo-B\u00edo, Concepci\u00f3n 4081112, Chile"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2012.071812.00124","article-title":"Introduction to Industrial Control Networks","volume":"15","author":"Galloway","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2006.887288","article-title":"A survey of recent results in networked control systems","volume":"95","author":"Hespanha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"unstructured":"Wang, F.Y., and Liu, D. (2008). Networked Control Systems: Theory and Applications, Springer. [2nd ed.].","key":"ref_3"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2014.012114.00058","article-title":"An Industrial Perspective on Wireless Sensor Networks\u2014A Survey of Requirements, Protocols, and Challenges","volume":"16","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1286(01)00302-4","article-title":"Wireless Sensor Networks: A survey","volume":"38","author":"Akyildiz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palma, J.M., Carvalho, L.P., Gon\u00e7alves, A.P.C., Galarza, C.E., and Oliveira, A.M. (2015, January 14\u201316). Application of Control Theory Markov Systems to Minimize the Number of Transmissions in a Multi-hop Network. Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Aided System Engineering, Quito, Ecuador.","key":"ref_6","DOI":"10.1109\/APCASE.2015.59"},{"unstructured":"Palma, J.M., Carvalho, L.P., Oliveira, A.M., Gon\u00e7alves, A.P.C., and Duran-Faundez, C. (2015, January 25\u201328). Minimizing the number of Transmissions in a Multi-Hop network for the dynamical system filtering problem and the impact on the mean square error. Proceedings of the XII Congresso Brasileiro de Automa\u00e7\u00e3o Inteligente (SBAI), Natal, Brazil.","key":"ref_7"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1109\/TLA.2016.7555237","article-title":"Networked Control Systems Application: Minimization of the global number of interactions, transmissions and receptions in Multi-Hop network using Discrete-Time Markovian Jump Linear Systems","volume":"14","author":"Palma","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Lat. Am. Trans."},{"unstructured":"Palma, J.M., Carvalho, L.P., and Gon\u00e7alves, A.P.C. (2015, January 10\u201311). An approach to energy efficiency in a multi-hop network control system through a trade-off between H\u221e norm and global number of transmissions. Proceedings of the VIII Encontro dos Alunos e Docentes do Departamento de Engenharia de Computa\u00e7\u00e3o e Automa\u00e7\u00e3o Industrial (VIII EADCA), Campinas, Brazil.","key":"ref_9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palma, J.M., Carvalho, L.P., Rosa, T.E., Morais, C.F., and Oliveira, R.C.L.F. (2017, January 18\u201320). H2 filtering through multi-hop networks: Trade-off analysis between the network consumption and performance degradation. Proceedings of the CHILEAN Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON), Pucon, Chile.","key":"ref_10","DOI":"10.1109\/CHILECON.2017.8229621"},{"unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez, V., Gonz\u00e1lez, L., Hern\u00e1ndez, C., Duran-Faundez, C., Rubio, E., Sosa, A.M., Herman, K., and Palma, J.M. (2017, January 18\u201320). Wireless control of a coupled tanks system: A case study. Proceedings of the CHILEAN Conference on Electrical Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON), Pucon, Chile.","key":"ref_11"},{"unstructured":"Li, H., Li, X., Wang, J., and Ma, H. (2009, January 22\u201324). Design of networked control system based on Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation, Macau, China.","key":"ref_12"},{"unstructured":"Palma, J.M. (2016). Trade-Off Entre Norma H-Infinito e Transmiss\u00d5es Globais Aplicado a Projetos De Filtragem Atrav\u00e9s Da Rede. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Universidade Estudual de Campinas].","key":"ref_13"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lino, Y., Hatanaka, T., and Fujita, M. (2009, January 10\u201312). Event-predictive control for energy saving of wireless networked control system. Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Louis, MO, USA.","key":"ref_14","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2009.5160732"},{"unstructured":"Duran-Faundez, C. (2009). Energy-Efficient Image Transmission for Wireless Camera Sensor Networks. [Ph.D. Thesis, Universit\u00e9 Henri Poincar\u00e9\u2014Nancy I].","key":"ref_15"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2010.04.007","article-title":"Markov jump linear systems and filtering through network transmitted measurements","volume":"90","author":"Fioravanti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sign. Proces."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1002\/rnc.2807","article-title":"Discrete-time H\u221e output feedback for Markov jump systems with uncertain transition probabilities","volume":"23","author":"Fioravanti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/rnc.1610","article-title":"Filtering of discrete-time Markov jump linear systems with uncertain transition probabilities","volume":"21","author":"Fioravanti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control"},{"unstructured":"Zhou, K., and Doyle, J.C. (1998). Essentials of Robust Control, Prentice Hall.","key":"ref_19"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"011004","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4025240","article-title":"Optimal H2 and H\u221e mode-independent control for generalized Bernoulli jump systems","volume":"136","author":"Fioravanti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dyn. Syst., Meas. Contr. Trans. ASME"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1080\/00207721.2013.784373","article-title":"Optimal H2 and H\u221e mode-independent filters for generalised Bernoulli jump systems","volume":"46","author":"Fioravanti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Sci."},{"unstructured":"Polastre, J., Szewczyk, R., Sharp, C., and Culler, D. (2004, January 22\u201324). The mote revolution: Low power Wireless Sensor Network devices. Proceedings of the Symposium on High Performance Chips (HotChips), Palo Alto, CA, USA.","key":"ref_22"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shnayder, V., Hempstead, M., Chen, B., Allen, G.W., and Welsh, M. (2004, January 3\u20135). Simulating the Power Consumption of Large-Scale Sensor Network Applications. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (ACM Sensys\u201904), Baltimore, MD, USA.","key":"ref_23","DOI":"10.1145\/1031495.1031518"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kimura, N., and Latifi, S. (2005, January 4\u20136). A Survey on Data Compression in Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC 2005), Las Vegas, NV, USA.","key":"ref_24","DOI":"10.1109\/ITCC.2005.43"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2011.03.001","article-title":"Practical data compression in Wireless Sensor Networks: A survey","volume":"35","author":"Srisooksai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"unstructured":"Mehfuz, S., and Tiwari, U. (2013, January 9\u201311). Recent Strategies of Data compression in Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the International Conference on Technological Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (TAEECE2013), Konya, Turkey.","key":"ref_26"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marhur, G., Desnoyers, P., Ganesan, D., and Shenoy, P. (2006, January 19\u201321). Ultra-Low Power Data Storage for Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN2006), Nashville, TN, USA.","key":"ref_27","DOI":"10.1145\/1127777.1127833"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2003.09.010","article-title":"A Survey on Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"3","author":"Akkaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9608757","article-title":"Routing in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks: A Survey of Existing Protocols and Open Research Issues","volume":"2016","author":"Bhandary","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Eng."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2016.05.013","article-title":"Routing in wireless multimedia sensor networks: A survey and challenges ahead","volume":"71","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.091213.00018","article-title":"Classification of Wireless Sensor Networks Deployment Techniques","volume":"16","author":"Deif","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2004.1299533","article-title":"Closed-loop control over wireless networks","volume":"24","author":"Ploplys","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Contr. Syst."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orellana-Romero, E., SanMartin-Hernandez, J., Duran-Faundez, C., Lecuire, V., and Zapata-Quinones, K. (2014, January 26\u201328). Evaluation of block interleaving techniques for robust image communication in wireless camera sensor networks. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Wireless Sensors (ICWiSe), Subang Jaya, Malaysia.","key":"ref_33","DOI":"10.1109\/ICWISE.2014.7042667"},{"unstructured":"Tanenbaum, A.S., and Wetherall, D.J. (2010). Computer Networks, Prentice Hall Press. [5th ed.].","key":"ref_34"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lecuire, V., Duran-Faundez, C., Holl, T., Krommenacker, N., Maimour, M., and David, M. (2006, January 28\u201330). Energy Consumption Analysis of a Simple Image Transmission Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS\u2019 2006), Torino, Italy.","key":"ref_35","DOI":"10.1109\/WFCS.2006.1704155"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/47345","article-title":"Energy-Efficient Transmission of Wavelet-Based Images in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"2007","author":"Lecuire","year":"2007","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Image Video Process."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1504\/IJSNET.2008.019250","article-title":"Energy-Efficient Image Transmission in Sensor Networks","volume":"4","author":"Lecuire","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Sens. Netw."},{"unstructured":"Costa, O.L.V., Fragoso, M.D., and Marques, R.P. (2005). Discrete-Time Markovian Jump Linear Systems, Springer.","key":"ref_38"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1006\/jmaa.1996.0335","article-title":"Full information H\u221e-control for discrete-time infinite Markov jump parameter systems","volume":"202","author":"Costa","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Math. Anal. Appl."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyd, S., El Ghaoui, L., Feron, E., and Balakrishnan, V. (1994). Linear Matrix Inequalities in System and Control Theory, SIAM Studies in Applied Mathematics.","key":"ref_40","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611970777"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2003.817010","article-title":"A bounded real lemma for jump systems","volume":"48","author":"Seiler","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Contr."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1137\/080715494","article-title":"Dynamic output feedback control of discrete-time Markov jump linear systems through linear matrix inequalities","volume":"48","author":"Geromel","year":"2009","journal-title":"SIAM J. Contr. Optim."},{"unstructured":"Galarza, C.E., and Palma, J.M. (2016). Package \u2018Hopbyhop\u2019: Transmissions and Receptions in a Hop by Hop Network, [2nd ed.]. Available online: https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=hopbyhop.","key":"ref_43"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heimlicher, S., Karaliopoulos, M., Levy, H., and May, M. (2007, January 28\u201330). End-to-end vs. Hop-by-hop Transport Under Intermittent Connectivity. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Communication Systems (AUTONOMICS07), Rome, Italy.","key":"ref_44","DOI":"10.4108\/ICST.AUTONOMICS2007.2225"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Todorov, M.G., Fragoso, M.D., and Costa, O. (2015, January 15\u201318). A new approach for the H2 control of Markov jump linear systems with partial information. Proceedings of the 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Osaka, Japan.","key":"ref_45","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2015.7402775"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2014.2366253","article-title":"A Detector-Based Approach for the H2 Control of Markov Jump Linear Systems With Partial Information","volume":"60","author":"Costa","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Contr."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacsc.2017.05.002","article-title":"H\u221e filtering for Markov Jump Linear Systems with Partial Information on the Jump Parameter","volume":"1","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"IFAC J. Syst. Contr."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1080\/00207179.2016.1186844","article-title":"H2 Filtering for discrete-time hidden Markov jump systems","volume":"90","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Contr."},{"unstructured":"Feedback Instruments Ltd. (2013). FeedBack Coupled Tanks Control Experiments 33-041S (For use with MATLAB), LD Didatic. [1st ed.].","key":"ref_49"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"60","article-title":"Level Control of Coupled Tanks System using Feedback Linearization Control Theory","volume":"3","author":"Alam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Res. Dev."},{"unstructured":"Ljung, L. (1997). System Identification: Theory for the User, Prentice-Hall.","key":"ref_51"},{"unstructured":"Franklin, G.F., Powell, J.D., and Workman, M.L. (1997). Digital Control of Dynamic Systems, Addison-Wesley. [3rd ed.].","key":"ref_52"},{"unstructured":"\u00c5str\u00f6m, K.J., and Wittenmark, B. (1995). Adaptive Control, Dover Publications, Inc.. [2nd ed.].","key":"ref_53"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schenato, L. (2007, January 2\u20135). To zero or to hold control inputs in lossy networked control systems?. Proceedings of the European Control Conference (ECC), Kos, Greece.","key":"ref_54","DOI":"10.23919\/ECC.2007.7068552"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2008.2010999","article-title":"To zero or to hold control inputs with lossy links?","volume":"54","author":"Schenato","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Contr."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fioravanti, A.R., Gon\u00e7alves, A.P.C., and Geromel, J.C. (2011, January 19\u201321). Filter inputs with Markovian lossy links: Zero or hold?. Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation (ICCA), Santiago, Chile.","key":"ref_56","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCA.2011.6137890"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvalho, L.P., Palma, J.M., and Gon\u00e7alves, A.P.C. (2016, January 15\u201317). Output feedback control applied to car pursuit problem with lossy network. Proceedings of the IEEE Biennial Congress of Argentina (ARGENCON), Buenos Aires, Argentina.","key":"ref_57","DOI":"10.1109\/ARGENCON.2016.7585264"},{"unstructured":"Carvalho, L.P. (2016). Controle de Fila de Carros Usando Sistemas Sujeitos a Saltos Markovianos. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas].","key":"ref_58"},{"unstructured":"Duran-Faundez, C., Palma, J.M., Orellana-Romero, E., and Melin, P.E. (2014, January 5\u20137). Effect of packet sampling time on a colony of mobile routing robots for communication link maintenance using IEEE 802.15.4 devices. Proceedings of the 10th Conf\u00e9rence Francophone de Mod\u00e9lisation, Optimisation et Simulation (MOSIM), Nancy, France.","key":"ref_59"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/8\/2590\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:17:13Z","timestamp":1760195833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/8\/2590"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s18082590"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18082590","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]}}}