{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T11:17:58Z","timestamp":1772795878503,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]],"date-time":"2018-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TEC2015-638263-C03-1-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TEC2015-638263-C03-1-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005004","name":"Ekonomiaren Garapen eta Lehiakortasun Saila, Eusko Jaurlaritza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KK-2016\/0030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK-2016\/0030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005004","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005004","name":"Ekonomiaren Garapen eta Lehiakortasun Saila, Eusko Jaurlaritza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KK-2017\/00033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK-2017\/00033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005004","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005004","name":"Ekonomiaren Garapen eta Lehiakortasun Saila, Eusko Jaurlaritza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KK-2017\/00089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK-2017\/00089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005004","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005004","name":"Ekonomiaren Garapen eta Lehiakortasun Saila, Eusko Jaurlaritza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KK-2016\/0059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK-2016\/0059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005004","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003451","name":"Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PhD Fellowship (Vicerrectorado de Euskera y Formaci\u00f3n Continua)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD Fellowship (Vicerrectorado de Euskera y Formaci\u00f3n Continua)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003451","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A highly sensitive fibre bundle-based reflective optical sensor has been designed and fabricated for Tip Clearance measurements in a turbine rig. The sensor offers high spatial and temporal resolution. The sensor probe consists of a single-mode transmitting fibre and two concentric rings of receiving multimode fibres that collect reflected light in a differential detection gain configuration, yielding a highly linear calibration curve for distance measurements. The clearance measurement range is approximately 2 mm around the central point fixed at 3.2 mm from the probe tip, and the sensitivity of the probe is 61.73 mm\u22121. The fibre bundle has been designed to ensure that the distance security specifications required for the experimental program of the turbine are met. The optical sensor has operated under demanding conditions set by the blade and casing design. The experimental results obtained so far are promising and lead us to think that the optical sensor has great potential for online clearance measurements with high precision.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]],"date-time":"2018-08-09T10:36:31Z","timestamp":1533810991000},"page":"2610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Design, Fabrication and Testing of a High-Sensitive Fibre Sensor for Tip Clearance Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1107-2400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaizka","family":"Durana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Communications Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), Ingeniero Torres Quevedo Plaza 1, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0349-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josu","family":"Amorebieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communications Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), Ingeniero Torres Quevedo Plaza 1, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communications Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), Ingeniero Torres Quevedo Plaza 1, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josu","family":"Beloki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aeronautical Technologies Centre, Bizkaia Technological Park, E-48170 Zamudio, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7409-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eneko","family":"Arrospide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Mathematics Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), Ingeniero Torres Quevedo Plaza 1, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iker","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communications Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), Ingeniero Torres Quevedo Plaza 1, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseba","family":"Zubia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communications Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), Ingeniero Torres Quevedo Plaza 1, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiseman, M.W., and Guo, T.H. (2001, January 25\u201327). An investigation of life extending control techniques for gas turbine engines. Proceedings of the 2001 American Control Conference. (Cat. No.01CH37148), Arlington, VA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2001.946211"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Kempe, A., Schlamp, S., R\u00f6sgen, T., and Haffner, K. (2006, January 26\u201329). Spatial and Temporal High-Resolution Optical Tip-Clearance Probe for Harsh Environments. Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, Lisbon, Portugal. Number 1155."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Guo, T.H. (2015, January 16\u201317). Active Turbine Tip Clearance Control Research. 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