{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T18:39:37Z","timestamp":1771612777376,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,13]],"date-time":"2018-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51675156,51575156,51775164,51705122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51675156,51575156,51775164,51705122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012130","name":"Aviation Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201719P4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201719P4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JZ2017HGPA0165,PA2017GDQT0024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JZ2017HGPA0165,PA2017GDQT0024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The limited load capacity and power resources of small-scale fixed-wing drones mean that it is difficult to employ internal high-precision inertial navigation devices to assist with the landing procedure. As an alternative, this paper proposes an attitude measurement system based on a monocular camera. The attitude angles are obtained from a single captured image containing five coded landmark points using the radial constraint method and three-dimensional coordinate transformations. The landing procedure is simulated for pitch angles from \u221215     \u2218     to \u221240     \u2218    , roll angles from \u221215     \u2218     to +15     \u2218     and yaw angles from \u221215     \u2218     to +15     \u2218    . For roll and pitch angles of approximately 0     \u2218     and \u221225     \u2218    , respectively, the accuracy of the method reaches 0.01     \u2218     and 0.04     \u2218    . This UAV attitude measurement system obtains an attitude angle by a single captured image, which has great potential for assisting with the landing of small-scale fixed-wing UAVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,13]],"date-time":"2018-08-13T11:27:13Z","timestamp":1534159633000},"page":"2655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Measurement of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Attitude Angles Based on a Single Captured Image"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaxia","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9682-7499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengchao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AVIC Xi\u2019an Aeronautics Computing Technique Research Institute, Xi\u2019an 710000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiang, K.W., Duong, T.T., Liao, J.K., Lai, Y.C., Chang, C.C., Cai, J.M., and Huang, S.C. 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